{
  "generatedAt": "2026-11-15T15:34:35.104Z",
  "entityCount": 169,
  "edgeCount": 357,
  "entities": [
    {
      "id": "alfred-wegener-institute",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Alfred Wegener Institute",
      "governance": "public-agency",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.awi.de",
      "tags": [
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "El Alfred Wegener Institute es un instituto alemán de investigación polar y marina que opera el repositorio PANGAEA junto con MARUM."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The Alfred Wegener Institute is a German polar and marine research institute that operates the PANGAEA repository together with MARUM."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "pangaea",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Operated jointly by AWI and MARUM."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "allen-institute-for-ai",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Allen Institute for AI",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://allenai.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:north-america"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "El Allen Institute for AI es un instituto de investigación sin fines de lucro que desarrolla Semantic Scholar, un buscador de publicaciones científicas."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The Allen Institute for AI is a nonprofit research institute that develops Semantic Scholar, a search engine for scientific publications."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "semantic-scholar",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "wikidata",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "One of three funders (with the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and Google) of Wikidata's 2012 creation via a €1.3M grant."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "amelica",
      "type": "coalition",
      "name": "AmeliCA",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://amelica.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:latam",
        "openness:open-governance"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Iniciativa latinoamericana no comercial de acceso abierto, vinculada a Redalyc, UNESCO y CLACSO."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Non-commercial open access initiative for Latin America, linked to Redalyc, UNESCO and CLACSO."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "diamond-open-access",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Promotes a non-commercial, diamond-style communication model."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "redalyc",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "AmeliCA is built around Redalyc and UNESCO."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "anid",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "ANID",
      "governance": "public-agency",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.anid.cl/",
      "tags": [
        "region:latam"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "ANID es la agencia chilena que financia y coordina investigación y desarrollo, y participa en redes regionales como LA Referencia."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "ANID is the Chilean agency that funds and coordinates research and development, and takes part in regional networks such as LA Referencia."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "coara",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations as the National Research and Development Agency (Chile)."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "la-referencia",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Chile participates in LA Referencia through ANID [M§6]."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "anid-open-access-policy",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Approved by ANID through Resolución Exenta 3906/2022 of 2 May 2022."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "espacio-ciencia",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "applies-to",
          "target": "unesco-recommendation-open-science",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Addressed to UNESCO Member States (Chile among them); ANID is the national research agency."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "anid-open-access-policy",
      "type": "policy",
      "name": "ANID open access policy",
      "governance": "public-agency",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://s3.amazonaws.com/documentos.anid.cl/estudios/RESEX3906_02-05-2022_APRUEBA_POLITICA_DE_ACCESO_ABIERTO.pdf",
      "tags": [
        "openness:open-content",
        "region:chile"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Política de acceso abierto de ANID",
          "summary": "Política de la agencia chilena ANID que exige publicar en abierto los artículos y datos que financia, con un plan de gestión de datos."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Policy of the Chilean agency ANID requiring the articles and data it funds to be published openly, with a data management plan."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "anid",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Approved by ANID through Resolución Exenta 3906/2022 of 2 May 2022."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "open-access-mandate",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "mandates",
          "target": "oai-pmh",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Repositories used for ANID-funded data must interoperate with the ANID repository via OAI-PMH."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "data-management-plan",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Requires grantees to submit a data management plan to guarantee public availability of the data."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-access",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "The policy's subject: open access to publicly funded scientific information and research data."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-data-management",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Requires grantees to submit a data management plan whose purpose is to make the data publicly available."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-repository",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Funded articles go to the agency's repository; data to the agency's, an institutional or a disciplinary repository."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ardc",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "ARDC",
      "governance": "public-agency",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://ardc.edu.au/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "ARDC es una agencia australiana que opera RAiD, un identificador persistente para actividades de investigación, y cofundó la alianza que lo gobierna."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "ARDC is an Australian agency that runs RAiD, a persistent identifier for research activities, and co-founded the alliance that governs it."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Member of DataCite that leads a consortium."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "rda",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed as an organisational member of RDA."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "raid",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "ARDC is the ISO-appointed Registration Authority for RAiD globally."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "raid",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "ARDC is RAiD's registration authority and lead developer, and offers the service in Australia, New Zealand and worldwide."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ark",
      "type": "identifier",
      "name": "ARK",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://arks.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:identification",
        "region:global",
        "openness:open-governance"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "ARK es un identificador persistente gratuito de emitir, usado por bibliotecas, archivos y repositorios de datos para enlazar de forma estable a sus objetos."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "ARK is a persistent identifier that is free to issue, used by libraries, archives and data repositories to link stably to their objects."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "lyrasis",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "The community-governed ARK Alliance is supported in part by LYRASIS."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "persistent-identifier",
          "derived": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "article-processing-charge",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Article processing charge (APC)",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_processing_charge",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Cargo por publicación (APC)",
          "summary": "Un cargo por publicación (APC) es una tarifa que cobra una revista, pagada por autores o financiadores, para publicar un artículo en acceso abierto."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "An article processing charge (APC) is a fee a journal charges, usually paid by authors or funders, to publish an article in open access."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "diamond-open-access",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Diamond open access journals charge no APC to authors or readers."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-access",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "A fee-based way to fund open access publishing."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "arxiv",
      "type": "publishing-platform",
      "name": "arXiv",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://arxiv.org/",
      "tags": [
        "function:deposit",
        "openness:open-content"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "arXiv es un servidor en línea donde investigadores de física, matemáticas, informática y otras ciencias publican preprints antes de la revisión por pares."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "arXiv is an online server where researchers in physics, mathematics, computer science and other fields post preprints before peer review."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "cornell",
          "derived": false,
          "until": "2026-06",
          "note": "One of several funders prior to the 2026 spin-out."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "schmidt-sciences",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Contributed to a $10M gift (with the Simons Foundation) funding the post-spin-out cloud migration."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "scoss",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "SCOSS-funded infrastructure among its several funding sources."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "simons-foundation",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Long-standing funder; contributed to a $10M gift (with Schmidt Sciences) funding the post-spin-out cloud migration."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "oai-pmh",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "arXiv exposes its metadata through OAI-PMH; its early-implementer role is unverified here."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Direct member of DataCite."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "cornell",
          "derived": false,
          "until": "2026-06",
          "note": "Hosted at Cornell for 25 years, ending with the 2026-07-01 spin-out to independent nonprofit status."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "preprint",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Server that hosts preprints; it is a platform, not a preprint."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "indexes",
          "target": "openalex",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "OpenAlex harvests and indexes arXiv preprints."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "barcelona-declaration",
      "type": "coalition",
      "name": "Barcelona Declaration on Open Research Information",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://barcelona-declaration.org/",
      "tags": [
        "theme:vertical-integration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "La Declaración de Barcelona es un compromiso conjunto de sus firmantes para que la información sobre investigación esté abierta por defecto."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The Barcelona Declaration is a joint commitment by its signatories to make research information open by default."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "endorsed-by",
          "target": "crossref",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed as a supporter (infrastructure provider), not as a signatory."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "endorsed-by",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed as a supporter (infrastructure provider), not as a signatory."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "endorsed-by",
          "target": "openaire",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed as a supporter on the Declaration's site; OpenAIRE's own post calls it a signatory."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "endorsed-by",
          "target": "openalex",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed as a supporter (infrastructure provider), not as a signatory."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "endorsed-by",
          "target": "opencitations",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed as a supporter (infrastructure provider), not as a signatory."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "base-search",
      "type": "aggregator",
      "name": "BASE",
      "governance": "academic",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.base-search.net/",
      "tags": [
        "function:aggregation"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "BASE es un buscador académico que recopila los registros de muchos repositorios mediante un protocolo estándar, para buscar en todos a la vez."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "BASE is an academic search engine that collects records from many repositories through a standard protocol, so people can search them all at once."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "oai-pmh",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "bielefeld-university",
          "derived": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "bibliodiversity",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Bibliodiversity",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliodiversity",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Bibliodiversidad",
          "summary": "La bibliodiversidad es la variedad de editores, idiomas, formatos y modelos de publicación que permite que el conocimiento circule sin depender de unos pocos actores."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Bibliodiversity is the variety of publishers, languages, formats and publishing models that lets knowledge circulate without depending on a few actors."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-science",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Diverse, multilingual publishing is part of the open science agenda."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "bielefeld-university",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Bielefeld University",
      "governance": "academic",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.uni-bielefeld.de/",
      "tags": [
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "La Universidad de Bielefeld es una universidad alemana que mantiene BASE, un buscador académico multidisciplinario."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Bielefeld University is a German university that maintains BASE, a multidisciplinary academic search engine."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "coar",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed on COAR's members page."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "base-search",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "bireme",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information",
      "governance": "intergovernmental",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://bireme.org",
      "tags": [
        "region:latam"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud, socio técnico fundador de SciELO."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Latin American and Caribbean Centre for Health Sciences Information, founding technical partner of SciELO."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "scielo",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "BIREME provided the founding technical/indexing methodology alongside FAPESP."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "california-digital-library",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "California Digital Library",
      "governance": "academic",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://cdlib.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:north-america"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "La California Digital Library es una biblioteca colaborativa de la Universidad de California que opera ROR junto con Crossref y DataCite."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The California Digital Library is a collaborative library of the University of California that operates ROR together with Crossref and DataCite."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Member of DataCite that leads a consortium."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "ror",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Founding operating partner."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cambia",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Cambia",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.cambia.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global",
        "openness:open-governance"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Fundación sin fines de lucro que opera The Lens."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Nonprofit foundation that runs The Lens."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "the-lens",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "care",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "CARE Principles",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.gida-global.org/careprinciples",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Los principios CARE para la gobernanza de datos indígenas son principios, no un estándar: beneficio colectivo, autoridad para controlar, responsabilidad y ética."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The CARE Principles for Indigenous Data Governance are principles, not a standard: collective benefit, authority to control, responsibility and ethics."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "indigenous-data-sovereignty",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Principles for putting Indigenous data sovereignty into practice."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-data",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Asks that opening data also respects collective benefit and control."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "rda",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Its International Indigenous Data Sovereignty Interest Group produced the CARE Principles."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "rda",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Its International Indigenous Data Sovereignty Interest Group produced the CARE Principles."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cdif",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "CDIF",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://cdif.codata.org/",
      "tags": [
        "function:registration",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Marco impulsado desde CODATA para que datos de dominios distintos puedan cruzarse."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "CODATA-driven framework that lets data from different domains be combined."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "codata",
          "derived": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "center-for-open-science",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Center for Open Science",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.cos.io/",
      "tags": [
        "region:north-america",
        "openness:open-governance"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "El Center for Open Science es una organización sin fines de lucro que promueve la ciencia abierta y opera OSF, plataforma de proyectos y datos."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The Center for Open Science is a nonprofit that promotes open science and runs OSF, a platform for projects, preprints and data."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "coara",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Direct member of DataCite."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "osf",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cerif",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "CERIF",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://eurocris.org/services/main-features-cerif",
      "tags": [
        "function:registration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Modelo de intercambio de información de investigación de euroCRIS, recomendado por la UE a sus estados miembro."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "euroCRIS research information exchange model, recommended by the EU to its member states."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "eurocris",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "CERIF is maintained and developed by a euroCRIS task group."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "eurocris",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "metadata-standard",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "converis",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Converis implements the CERIF standard for CRIS interoperability."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "pure",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Pure implements the CERIF standard for CRIS interoperability."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cern",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "CERN",
      "governance": "intergovernmental",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://home.cern/",
      "tags": [
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "CERN es una organización europea de investigación que opera el repositorio Zenodo junto con OpenAIRE y lidera el software de repositorios InvenioRDM."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "CERN is a European research organisation that operates the Zenodo repository with OpenAIRE and leads the InvenioRDM repository software."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "coara",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Direct member of DataCite."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "w3c",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed among W3C's current members."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "invenio-rdm",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "One of the two main partners (with Northwestern University); Zenodo, hosted by CERN, is built on InvenioRDM."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "zenodo",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Operated by CERN since its 2013 launch."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "citation-file-format",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "Citation File Format (CITATION.cff)",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://citation-file-format.github.io/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global",
        "openness:open-source"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "El Citation File Format (CITATION.cff) es un archivo de texto con datos de citación de software o datos, legibles por personas y programas."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The Citation File Format (CITATION.cff) is a plain-text file holding human- and machine-readable citation details for software or datasets."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "metadata-standard",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "A file format for citation details of software."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-software",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Lets research software be cited correctly."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "citation-index",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Citation index",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citation_index",
      "tags": [
        "function:indexing",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Índice de citas",
          "summary": "Un índice de citas es una base de datos que registra qué publicaciones citan a cuáles, para rastrear la influencia de un trabajo."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "A citation index is a database that records which publications cite which, so people can trace a work's influence and discover literature."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "cris",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Research information systems import publication records from citation indexes."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "openalex",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Open catalogue of works that includes citation links."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "dimensions",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "openalex",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Open catalogue of works that includes citation links."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "opencitations",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "scopus",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "semantic-scholar",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "web-of-science",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ckan",
      "type": "repository",
      "name": "CKAN",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://ckan.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global",
        "openness:open-source",
        "function:deposit"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "CKAN es software de código abierto para crear portales y catálogos de datos, usado por muchos gobiernos para publicar datos abiertos."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "CKAN is open-source software for building data portals and catalogues, used by many governments to publish open data."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "open-knowledge-foundation",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Holds CKAN's assets in trust; Datopian and Link Digital co-steward it."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "dcat",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Through the ckanext-dcat extension (DCAT-AP profiles)."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "repository-software",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "A platform that organisations install to run their own data portal."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-data",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Built to publish, share and use data openly."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-data-portal",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Powers hundreds of data portals worldwide."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "clarivate",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Clarivate",
      "governance": "commercial",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://clarivate.com/",
      "tags": [
        "theme:vertical-integration",
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Clarivate es una empresa que ofrece el índice de citas Web of Science y los sistemas de gestión de la investigación Converis y Esploro."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Clarivate is a company that provides the Web of Science citation index and the research management systems Converis and Esploro."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Member of DataCite (membership only)."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "converis",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "esploro",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "web-of-science",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Operated directly by Clarivate, not a separate subsidiary brand."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "web-of-science",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "coalition-s",
      "type": "coalition",
      "name": "cOAlition S",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.coalition-s.org/",
      "tags": [
        "openness:open-content"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Coalición de financiadores de investigación, lanzada en 2018, detrás del Plan S y su exigencia de acceso abierto inmediato."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Coalition of research funders, launched in 2018, behind Plan S and its requirement for immediate open access."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "coara",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "plan-s",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Plan S is the requirement that cOAlition S funders commit to implement."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "coar",
      "type": "community",
      "name": "COAR",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://coar-repositories.org/",
      "tags": [
        "function:deposit",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "COAR es una confederación mundial de repositorios de acceso abierto que promueve buenas prácticas y estándares comunes entre ellos."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "COAR is a global confederation of open access repositories that promotes good practice and common standards among them."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "coara",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "rda",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed as an affiliate member of RDA."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-repository",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "COAR brings repositories and repository networks together to build capacity and align policies."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "bielefeld-university",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed on COAR's members page."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "coar-notify",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "jisc",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed on COAR's members page."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "la-referencia",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed on COAR's members page as a network with its own associated members."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "opendoar",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "COAR and Jisc released a joint roadmap for OpenDOAR's transition to an international, community-governed repository directory."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "coar-notify",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "COAR Notify",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://coar-notify.net/",
      "tags": [
        "function:aggregation"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "COAR Notify son convenciones comunitarias para que un repositorio avise a servicios externos, como la revisión por pares, y reciba sus avisos."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "COAR Notify is a set of community conventions that lets repositories send notices to external services, such as peer review, and receive theirs."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "coar",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "peer-review",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Lets repositories and review services exchange review notifications."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "coara",
      "type": "coalition",
      "name": "CoARA",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.coara.org/",
      "tags": [
        "function:evaluation",
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "CoARA es una coalición europea, creada en 2022, de instituciones comprometidas a reformar cómo se evalúa la investigación."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "CoARA is a European coalition, created in 2022, of institutions committed to reforming how research is assessed."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-assessment",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Agreement to reform how research is assessed."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "anid",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations as the National Research and Development Agency (Chile)."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "center-for-open-science",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "cern",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "coalition-s",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "coar",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "codata",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "european-commission",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "jisc",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "openaire",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Published an Action Plan supporting the CoARA commitments."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "rda",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "university-of-bologna",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "codata",
      "type": "community",
      "name": "CODATA",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://codata.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Comité del International Science Council dedicado a datos, interoperabilidad, políticas y capacidades."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Committee of the International Science Council focused on data, interoperability, policy and capacity."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "coara",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "rda",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Documented Affiliate Member of RDA; the two bodies operate under an MoU with complementary roles."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "cdif",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "codemeta",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "CodeMeta",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://codemeta.github.io/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global",
        "openness:open-source"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "CodeMeta es un vocabulario de metadatos compartido para software, basado en schema.org y JSON-LD, con equivalencias entre formatos de repositorios y de disciplinas."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "CodeMeta is a shared metadata vocabulary for software, built on schema.org and JSON-LD, with crosswalks between repository and domain formats."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "json-ld",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Expressed as JSON-LD."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "schema-org",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Builds on schema.org terms."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "metadata-standard",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "A shared vocabulary for describing software."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-software",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Helps research software be findable, reusable and citable."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "converis",
      "type": "cris",
      "name": "Converis",
      "governance": "commercial",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://clarivate.com/products/scientific-and-academic-research/research-funding-and-analytics/converis/",
      "tags": [
        "theme:vertical-integration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Converis es un sistema comercial de información de investigación (CRIS) de Clarivate con el que las instituciones gestionan su actividad científica."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Converis is a commercial research information system (CRIS) from Clarivate that institutions use to manage their research activity."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "cerif",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Converis implements the CERIF standard for CRIS interoperability."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "web-of-science",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Converis syncs publication metadata with Web of Science via its integrations engine."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "cris",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "clarivate",
          "derived": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "core",
      "type": "aggregator",
      "name": "CORE",
      "governance": "academic",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://core.ac.uk/",
      "tags": [
        "function:aggregation",
        "openness:bulk-downloadable"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "CORE es un servicio que reúne textos completos de acceso abierto tomados de repositorios y revistas, para buscarlos y descargarlos."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "CORE is a service that gathers open access full texts from repositories and journals so they can be searched and downloaded."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "oai-pmh",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "open-university",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "posi",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "POSI adopter since 2022."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "coretrustseal",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "CoreTrustSeal",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.coretrustseal.org/",
      "tags": [
        "function:certification"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "CoreTrustSeal es una certificación que acredita que un repositorio cumple requisitos para guardar y conservar datos de forma confiable."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "CoreTrustSeal is a certification showing that a repository meets requirements for storing and preserving data reliably."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "endorsed-by",
          "target": "rda",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Harmonisation of WDS and DSA certification was coordinated under the RDA umbrella."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "endorsed-by",
          "target": "wds",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Formed in 2017 by harmonising WDS's Regular Member certification with the Data Seal of Approval."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "trust-principles",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "The TRUST paper cites CoreTrustSeal as an example of how repositories attain the TRUST properties."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "certified-by",
          "target": "pangaea",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cornell",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Cornell University",
      "governance": "academic",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.cornell.edu/",
      "tags": [
        "region:north-america"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Universidad estadounidense que alojó y operó arXiv durante 25 años, hasta su independencia el 1 de julio de 2026."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "US university that hosted and ran arXiv for 25 years, until its independence on 1 July 2026."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Direct member of DataCite."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "arxiv",
          "derived": true,
          "until": "2026-06",
          "note": "One of several funders prior to the 2026 spin-out."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "arxiv",
          "derived": true,
          "until": "2026-06",
          "note": "Hosted at Cornell for 25 years, ending with the 2026-07-01 spin-out to independent nonprofit status."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "creative-commons",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Creative Commons",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global",
        "openness:open-content"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Creative Commons es una organización sin fines de lucro de EE. UU. que publica las licencias Creative Commons y la herramienta de dominio público CC0."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Creative Commons is a US nonprofit that publishes the Creative Commons licences and the CC0 public-domain tool for sharing work openly."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-license",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Steward of the Creative Commons licence suite, the best-known family of open licences."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "creative-commons-licences",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Published and maintained by Creative Commons."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "creative-commons-licences",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "Creative Commons licences",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/cclicenses/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global",
        "openness:open-content"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Licencias Creative Commons",
          "summary": "Familia de seis licencias públicas estándar que combinan condiciones como atribución (BY), compartir igual (SA), no comercial (NC) y sin derivadas (ND)."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "A family of six standard public licences that combine conditions such as attribution (BY), share-alike (SA), non-commercial (NC) and no-derivatives (ND)."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "creative-commons",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Published and maintained by Creative Commons."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-license",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Only CC0, CC BY and CC BY-SA are on the conformant-licence list, so a CC licence is not always open."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cris",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Current research information system (CRIS)",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_research_information_system",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Sistema de información de investigación (CRIS)",
          "summary": "Un CRIS es un sistema de información que enlaza proyectos, personas, instituciones y productos de investigación para que instituciones y financiadores los gestionen y reporten."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "A CRIS is an information system that links projects, people, organisations and outputs so institutions and funders can manage and report research."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "citation-index",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Research information systems import publication records from citation indexes."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-science",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Research information systems are listed among the infrastructures that support open science."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-repository",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Institutions exchange records between their research information system and their repository."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "citation-index",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Research information systems import publication records from citation indexes."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "converis",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "esploro",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "pure",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "symplectic-elements",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "crossref",
      "type": "agency",
      "name": "Crossref",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.crossref.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:registration",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Agencia de registro de DOI sin fines de lucro orientada a publicaciones académicas, equivalente de DataCite para artículos."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Non-profit DOI registration agency focused on scholarly publications, the DataCite equivalent for articles."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "handle-system",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Registers DOI-to-URL mappings into the Global Handle Registry, making doi.org resolution work regardless of registration agency."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "open-science-infrastructure",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "issues",
          "target": "doi",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "DOIs for scholarly publications, registered via the publisher or journal."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Member of DataCite (membership only)."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "international-doi-foundation",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Registration Agency member of the DOI Foundation."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "posi",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Adopted by Crossref board vote in 2020; publishes periodic POSI self-assessments."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "endorsed-by",
          "target": "barcelona-declaration",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed as a supporter (infrastructure provider), not as a signatory."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "ror",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Founding operating partner; Crossref's accounting team handles ROR's day-to-day financial administration."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "the-lens",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Lens scholarly records are built on Crossref metadata, supplemented with DataCite DOIs and ORCID iDs."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "data-management-plan",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Data management plan",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_management_plan",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Plan de gestión de datos",
          "summary": "Un plan de gestión de datos es un documento que describe cómo se manejarán los datos de un proyecto, durante y después de la investigación."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "A data management plan is a formal document that describes how a project's data will be handled during the research and after it ends."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "anid-open-access-policy",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Requires grantees to submit a data management plan to guarantee public availability of the data."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-data",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "In a Chilean funder's policy the plan exists to guarantee public availability of data."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-data-management",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "The central document of research data management."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "anid-open-access-policy",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Requires grantees to submit a data management plan to guarantee public availability of the data."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "data-package",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "Data Package",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://datapackage.org/",
      "tags": [
        "function:registration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Contenedor JSON de Frictionless Data para describir datasets de forma portable."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Frictionless Data's JSON container for describing datasets in a portable way."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "open-knowledge-foundation",
          "derived": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "datacite",
      "type": "agency",
      "name": "DataCite",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://datacite.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:registration",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Agencia de registro de DOI sin fines de lucro orientada a datasets, software, informes y plataformas de investigación."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Nonprofit DOI registration agency focused on datasets, software, reports and research platforms."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "handle-system",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Operates its own Handle server infrastructure; a DOI in Registered/Findable state is registered in the global handle server."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "issues",
          "target": "doi",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "€2,000 membership plus a €200–700 infrastructure fee scaled by context; no per-DOI charge below 100,000/yr."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "issues",
          "target": "igsn",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "IGSNs for physical samples are issued as a DataCite record type."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "international-doi-foundation",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Registration Agency member of the DOI Foundation."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "rda",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed as an affiliate member of RDA."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "posi",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "POSI adopter since 2021."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "ardc",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Member of DataCite that leads a consortium."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "arxiv",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Direct member of DataCite."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "endorsed-by",
          "target": "barcelona-declaration",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed as a supporter (infrastructure provider), not as a signatory."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "california-digital-library",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Member of DataCite that leads a consortium."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "center-for-open-science",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Direct member of DataCite."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "cern",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Direct member of DataCite."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "clarivate",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Member of DataCite (membership only)."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "cornell",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Direct member of DataCite."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "crossref",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Member of DataCite (membership only)."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "datacite-metadata-schema",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "gbif",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "GBIF's IPT mints dataset and derived-dataset DOIs through a DataCite account."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "gbif",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Direct member of DataCite."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "jalc",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Member of DataCite that leads a consortium."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "lyrasis",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Member of DataCite that leads a consortium."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "osf",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "OSF mints DOIs for projects, components and registrations via DataCite."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "pangaea",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Direct member of DataCite."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "raid",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "ARDC and DataCite jointly deliver RAiD; RAiD registers through DataCite's Consortium infrastructure."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "re3data",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Integrated as a DataCite service in 2022."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "re3data",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Continues to operate as a DataCite service since the 2022 integration."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "ror",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "One of three founding operating partners, alongside Crossref and CDL, via a shared Memorandum of Agreement."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "datacite-metadata-schema",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "DataCite Metadata Schema",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://schema.datacite.org/",
      "tags": [
        "function:registration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "El esquema de metadatos de DataCite define los campos para describir un objeto con DOI de DataCite, en formato legible por programas."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The DataCite metadata schema defines the fields used to describe an object registered with a DataCite DOI, in a machine-readable format."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "doi",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "orcid",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "ORCID is a documented supported nameIdentifierScheme value for the Creator/Contributor properties."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "ror",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "ROR is a documented supported affiliationIdentifierScheme value for creator and contributor affiliations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "metadata-standard",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "dataverse",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Mints DOIs via DataCite for deposited datasets."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "figshare",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "invenio-rdm",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "pangaea",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "zenodo",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "dataverse",
      "type": "repository",
      "name": "Dataverse",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://dataverse.org/",
      "tags": [
        "function:deposit",
        "function:preservation",
        "openness:open-source"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Dataverse es un programa de código abierto para crear repositorios que guardan y comparten datos de investigación; lo desarrolla la Universidad de Harvard."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Dataverse is open-source software for building repositories that store and share research data; Harvard University develops it."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "complies-with",
          "target": "dublin-core",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "handle-system",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "PID provider configuration supports Handle (`hdl`) alongside DataCite/EZID/PermaLink."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "harvard",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Developed at Harvard's Institute for Quantitative Social Science."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "datacite-metadata-schema",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Mints DOIs via DataCite for deposited datasets."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "oai-pmh",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "repository-software",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "fair",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Dataverse lists FAIR data support as a top platform feature."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "datos-gob-cl",
      "type": "repository",
      "name": "datos.gob.cl",
      "governance": "public-agency",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://datos.gob.cl/",
      "tags": [
        "region:chile",
        "region:latam",
        "function:deposit"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "datos.gob.cl es el portal de datos abiertos del Estado de Chile, donde las instituciones públicas publican conjuntos de datos que cualquiera puede buscar y descargar."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "datos.gob.cl is the Chilean State's open data portal, where public institutions publish datasets that anyone can search and download."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "open-data-portal",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "The State's national open data portal."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-data",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Publishes public-sector data for reuse in apps and research."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "dcat",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "DCAT",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-dcat-3/",
      "tags": [
        "function:registration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Vocabulario del W3C para catálogos de datos, consumido por los buscadores de datasets."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "W3C vocabulary for data catalogues, used by dataset search engines."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "w3c",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "w3c",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Published as a W3C Recommendation by the Dataset Exchange Working Group."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "metadata-standard",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "ckan",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Through the ckanext-dcat extension (DCAT-AP profiles)."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "dcmi",
      "type": "community",
      "name": "DCMI",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.dublincore.org/",
      "tags": [
        "function:registration",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Comunidad de normalización que gobierna la especificación Dublin Core y funciona como proyecto de ASIS&T."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Standards community that governs the Dublin Core specification and operates as a project of ASIS&T."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "dublin-core",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "DCMI is a project of ASIS&T, maintaining Dublin Core under a Governing Board."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "diamond-open-access",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Diamond open access",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_open_access",
      "tags": [
        "openness:open-content",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Acceso abierto diamante",
          "summary": "El acceso abierto diamante es un modelo de publicación que no cobra a lectores ni a autores y que sostienen instituciones o fondos públicos."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Diamond open access is a publishing model that charges neither readers nor authors, and is funded by institutions, consortia or public money."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "amelica",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Promotes a non-commercial, diamond-style communication model."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "article-processing-charge",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Diamond open access journals charge no APC to authors or readers."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "open-access",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "redalyc",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Operates journals on the diamond model."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "scielo",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Operates journals on the diamond model."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "amelica",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Promotes a non-commercial, diamond-style communication model."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "article-processing-charge",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Diamond open access journals charge no APC to authors or readers."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "redalyc",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Operates journals on the diamond model."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "scielo",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Operates journals on the diamond model."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "digital-commons",
      "type": "repository",
      "name": "Digital Commons",
      "governance": "commercial",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.bepress.com/products/digital-commons/",
      "tags": [
        "function:deposit",
        "theme:vertical-integration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Digital Commons es una plataforma comercial para que universidades creen su repositorio institucional; es propiedad de Elsevier."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Digital Commons is a commercial platform that lets universities build their institutional repository; it is owned by Elsevier."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "oai-pmh",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "elsevier",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Through bepress, acquired by Elsevier in 2017; a wholly owned unit."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "repository-software",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Hosted commercial service that provides the repository software."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "digital-science",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Digital Science",
      "governance": "commercial",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.digital-science.com",
      "tags": [
        "theme:vertical-integration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Digital Science es una empresa de tecnología para la investigación que posee Figshare, Dimensions y Symplectic Elements, entre otras herramientas."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Digital Science is a research technology company that owns Figshare, Dimensions and Symplectic Elements, among other tools."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "holtzbrinck",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Wholly owned; Holtzbrinck also holds a 50.6% majority of Springer Nature."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "dimensions",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Operated by Digital Science, of which Dimensions is a part (per Wikipedia; the former Digital Science portfolio page was unreachable)."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "dimensions",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "figshare",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Operated directly by Digital Science as one of its portfolio brands."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "figshare",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "ioi",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Contributor to the IOI Fund for Network Adoption, alongside Wellcome."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "symplectic-elements",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "dimensions",
      "type": "index",
      "name": "Dimensions",
      "governance": "commercial",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.dimensions.ai",
      "tags": [
        "theme:vertical-integration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Índice bibliográfico comercial e inclusivo, propiedad de Digital Science, sin descarga masiva de su cobertura."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Commercial, inclusive bibliographic index owned by Digital Science, with no bulk download of its coverage."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "symplectic-elements",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Dimensions data has been integrated into Symplectic Elements since March 2021."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "citation-index",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "digital-science",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Operated by Digital Science, of which Dimensions is a part (per Wikipedia; the former Digital Science portfolio page was unreachable)."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "digital-science",
          "derived": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "doaj",
      "type": "index",
      "name": "DOAJ",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://doaj.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:indexing",
        "openness:open-content",
        "openness:bulk-downloadable"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Índice curado por comunidad de revistas de acceso abierto evaluadas, operado por la DOAJ Foundation."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Community-curated index of assessed open access journals, operated by the DOAJ Foundation."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "open-science-infrastructure",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "doaj-foundation",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Run and managed by the DOAJ Foundation, a Danish non-profit foundation."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "is4oa",
          "derived": false,
          "until": "2026",
          "note": "Previous managing organisation; per doaj.org/about it operates until mid-2026 (transition end); closure unconfirmed at 2026-11-12."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-access",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Directory of open access journals meeting its criteria."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "posi",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "POSI adopter since 2022."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "doaj-foundation",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "DOAJ Foundation",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://doaj.org/about/",
      "tags": [
        "openness:open-governance"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Fundación danesa sin fines de lucro, gobernada por la comunidad, que dirige y gestiona DOAJ desde su traspaso desde IS4OA."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Danish nonprofit foundation, governed by its community, that runs and manages DOAJ since the handover from IS4OA."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "doaj",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Run and managed by the DOAJ Foundation, a Danish non-profit foundation."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "doi",
      "type": "identifier",
      "name": "DOI",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.doi.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:identification",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Identificador persistente de un objeto — artículo, dataset, informe, plataforma o software — que resuelve a su ubicación actual."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Persistent identifier for an object — article, dataset, report, platform or software — that resolves to its current location."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "handle-system",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "DOI names are Handles; resolution runs on the Handle System."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "international-doi-foundation",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "IDF sets DOI policy; ISO 26324 Registration Authority. Also a Multi-Primary Administrator of the Global Handle Registry, alongside CNRI."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "persistent-identifier",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "metadata",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Each DOI is registered with metadata about the object; the metadata can be updated without changing the DOI."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "issues",
          "target": "crossref",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "DOIs for scholarly publications, registered via the publisher or journal."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "issues",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "€2,000 membership plus a €200–700 infrastructure fee scaled by context; no per-DOI charge below 100,000/yr."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "datacite-metadata-schema",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "issues",
          "target": "jalc",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Japan's national DOI registration agency, covering publications and research data."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "issues",
          "target": "medra",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Regional European DOI registration agency, mainly for publications."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "opencitations",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Citation records are keyed on the DOIs of citing and cited works."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "dona-foundation",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "DONA Foundation",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.dona.net/",
      "tags": [
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Fundación suiza que administra el Global Handle Registry y designa a sus Administradores Multi-Primarios."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Swiss foundation that runs the Global Handle Registry and appoints its Multi-Primary Administrators."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "handle-system",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "DONA administers the Global Handle Registry via credentialed Multi-Primary Administrators."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "dora",
      "type": "coalition",
      "name": "DORA",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://sfdora.org/",
      "tags": [
        "function:evaluation",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "DORA es una declaración de 2012 que pide no juzgar un artículo por el factor de impacto (promedio de citas) de su revista."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "DORA is a 2012 declaration asking that an article not be judged by the impact factor (average citations) of its journal."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "endorsed-by",
          "target": "elsevier",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Elsevier signed DORA in December 2020."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-assessment",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Declaration on how research should be assessed."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "dspace",
      "type": "repository",
      "name": "DSpace",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://dspace.lyrasis.org/",
      "tags": [
        "function:deposit",
        "function:preservation",
        "openness:open-source"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "DSpace es un software de código abierto para crear repositorios digitales, que usan bibliotecas e instituciones de investigación."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "DSpace is open-source software for building digital repositories, used by libraries and research institutions."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "complies-with",
          "target": "dublin-core",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "handle-system",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Assigns Handles natively; ships with the dummy prefix 123456789, requiring a real CNRI-allotted prefix for external resolution."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "scoss",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "SCOSS-funded infrastructure since its first funding cycle."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "lyrasis",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Organisational home hosting DSpace Governance (Steering + Leadership Groups); installs are self-hosted, so there's no single operator."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "oai-pmh",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "repository-software",
          "derived": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "dublin-core",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "Dublin Core",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/",
      "tags": [
        "function:registration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Dublin Core es una lista de 15 campos básicos, como título y autor, para describir cualquier recurso, usada por bibliotecas y repositorios."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Dublin Core is a list of 15 basic fields, such as title and author, for describing any resource, used by libraries and repositories."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "dcmi",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "DCMI is a project of ASIS&T, maintaining Dublin Core under a Governing Board."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "metadata-standard",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "complies-with",
          "target": "dataverse",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "complies-with",
          "target": "dspace",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "profile-of",
          "target": "openaire-guidelines",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Application profiles for repositories, journals and CRIS exposing metadata, built on Dublin Core."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "elsevier",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Elsevier",
      "governance": "commercial",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.elsevier.com/",
      "tags": [
        "theme:vertical-integration",
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Elsevier es una editorial científica comercial que también ofrece software para universidades, como el índice Scopus y el sistema de investigación Pure."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Elsevier is a commercial scientific publisher that also provides software for universities, such as the Scopus index and the Pure research system."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "rda",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed as an organisational member of RDA."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "relx",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Elsevier is a division of RELX."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "digital-commons",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Through bepress, acquired by Elsevier in 2017; a wholly owned unit."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "endorsed-by",
          "target": "dora",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Elsevier signed DORA in December 2020."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "interfolio",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "pure",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "scopus",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Operated directly by Elsevier, not a separate subsidiary brand."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "scopus",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "eosc",
      "type": "aggregator",
      "name": "European Open Science Cloud",
      "governance": "intergovernmental",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://open-science-cloud.ec.europa.eu/",
      "tags": [
        "function:aggregation",
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "EOSC es la nube europea de ciencia abierta: una infraestructura federada, formada por servicios independientes conectados entre sí, para compartir datos de investigación."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "EOSC is the European open science cloud: a federated infrastructure of independent services linked together, for sharing research data."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "european-commission",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "EOSC-Hub project funded under Horizon 2020 (~€30M)."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "openaire",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "OpenAIRE is a core service provider for the EOSC EU Node's discovery and resource-catalogue capabilities."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "espacio-ciencia",
      "type": "aggregator",
      "name": "Espacio Ciencia",
      "governance": "public-agency",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://acceso-abierto.anid.cl/sobreespaciociencia/",
      "tags": [
        "function:aggregation",
        "region:latam"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Espacio Ciencia es el portal nacional de Chile que reúne el contenido de repositorios institucionales y del repositorio de ANID; lo opera ANID."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Espacio Ciencia is Chile's national portal that brings together content from institutional repositories and the ANID repository; ANID runs it."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "anid",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "part-of",
          "target": "la-referencia",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Chile's national node feeding into the LA Referencia federated network."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-repository",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Harvests institutional repositories into one national discovery point."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "esploro",
      "type": "cris",
      "name": "Esploro",
      "governance": "commercial",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://exlibrisgroup.com/products/esploro-research-services/",
      "tags": [
        "theme:vertical-integration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Esploro es un sistema comercial de información de investigación (CRIS) creado por Ex Libris y hoy propiedad de Clarivate."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Esploro is a commercial research information system (CRIS) created by Ex Libris and now owned by Clarivate."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "web-of-science",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Esploro harvests and enriches asset metadata from Web of Science."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "cris",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "clarivate",
          "derived": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "eurocris",
      "type": "community",
      "name": "euroCRIS",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://eurocris.org/",
      "tags": [
        "function:registration",
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Organización internacional de membresía sobre información de investigación; mantiene el modelo CERIF."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "International membership organisation for research information; maintains the CERIF model."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "cerif",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "CERIF is maintained and developed by a euroCRIS task group."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "cerif",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "european-commission",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "European Commission",
      "governance": "intergovernmental",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://commission.europa.eu/",
      "tags": [
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "La Comisión Europea es el órgano ejecutivo de la Unión Europea y financia infraestructuras de ciencia abierta como EOSC y OpenAIRE."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union and funds open science infrastructure such as EOSC and OpenAIRE."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "coara",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "eosc",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "EOSC-Hub project funded under Horizon 2020 (~€30M)."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "openaire",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "OpenAIRE-Advance project funded under Horizon 2020/Europe (~€10M)."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "fair",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "FAIR",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.gofair.foundation/fair-principles/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "FAIR es un conjunto de principios orientadores para que los datos sean fáciles de encontrar, accesibles, compatibles entre sistemas y reutilizables. No es un estándar."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "FAIR is a set of guiding principles for making data findable, accessible, interoperable (able to work across systems) and reusable. It is not a standard."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "dataverse",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Dataverse lists FAIR data support as a top platform feature."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "metadata",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Findability and interoperability rely on rich metadata."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-data",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "FAIR data need not be open; openness is a separate decision."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-data-management",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Principles for managing research data so it can be reused."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "fair4rs",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Adapts the FAIR Guiding Principles from data to software."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "fairsharing",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Built explicitly to help resource owners describe and improve alignment with the FAIR principles."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "force11",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The FAIR Guiding Principles were drafted and disseminated within this community."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "unesco-recommendation-open-science",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Advisory only; names FAIR (and CARE) as guiding principles for open research data and infrastructure, creating no binding duty."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "dataverse",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Dataverse lists FAIR data support as a top platform feature."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "fair4rs",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Adapts the FAIR Guiding Principles from data to software."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "fairsharing",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Built explicitly to help resource owners describe and improve alignment with the FAIR principles."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "force11",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The FAIR Guiding Principles were drafted and disseminated within this community."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "unesco-recommendation-open-science",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Advisory only; names FAIR (and CARE) as guiding principles for open research data and infrastructure, creating no binding duty."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "fair4rs",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "FAIR4RS Principles",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://zenodo.org/records/6623556",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Principios FAIR4RS",
          "summary": "Los principios FAIR4RS adaptan los principios FAIR al software de investigación, que es ejecutable, compuesto y cambia con el tiempo."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The FAIR4RS Principles adapt the FAIR principles to research software, which is executable, composite and keeps changing."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "force11",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Co-convener of the working group."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "rda",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Working group jointly convened by RDA, FORCE11 and ReSA."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "research-software-alliance",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Co-convener of the working group."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "fair",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Adapts the FAIR Guiding Principles from data to software."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-software",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Defines how research software should be findable and reusable."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "fairsharing",
      "type": "index",
      "name": "FAIRsharing",
      "governance": "academic",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://fairsharing.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:indexing",
        "openness:open-content"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "FAIRsharing es un registro curado de estándares, bases de datos y políticas de datos que muestra cómo se relacionan, para ayudar a aplicar FAIR."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "FAIRsharing is a curated registry of standards, databases and data policies that shows how they relate, to help people apply FAIR."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "re3data",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Both curate registries of repositories/standards and cross-link entries."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "university-of-oxford",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Based in the Data Readiness Group at the Oxford e-Research Centre."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "fair",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Built explicitly to help resource owners describe and improve alignment with the FAIR principles."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "fapesp",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "São Paulo Research Foundation",
      "governance": "public-agency",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://fapesp.br",
      "tags": [
        "region:latam"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Fundación pública de fomento a la investigación del estado de São Paulo; creó SciELO en 1997 y desde 2024 lo cofinancia con CAPES y CNPq."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Public research funding agency of the state of São Paulo; created SciELO in 1997 and since 2024 co-funds it with CAPES and CNPq."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "scielo",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Created SciELO in 1997; since Aug 2024 co-funds it (47%) with CAPES (48%) and CNPq (5%) through a national consortium."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "figshare",
      "type": "repository",
      "name": "Figshare",
      "governance": "commercial",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://figshare.com",
      "tags": [
        "function:deposit",
        "openness:open-content",
        "theme:vertical-integration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Repositorio comercial que publica contenido bajo licencias abiertas y acuña DOI de DataCite para cada registro."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Commercial repository that publishes content under open licences and mints DataCite DOIs for every record."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "datacite-metadata-schema",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "research-repository",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "digital-science",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Operated directly by Digital Science as one of its portfolio brands."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "digital-science",
          "derived": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "force11",
      "type": "community",
      "name": "FORCE11",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://force11.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Comunidad de comunicación académica en la que se redactaron y difundieron los principios FAIR."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Scholarly communication community where the FAIR principles were drafted and publicly disseminated."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "fair",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "The FAIR Guiding Principles were drafted and disseminated within this community."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "fair4rs",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Co-convener of the working group."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "gbif",
      "type": "aggregator",
      "name": "Global Biodiversity Information Facility",
      "governance": "intergovernmental",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.gbif.org/",
      "tags": [
        "function:aggregation",
        "openness:bulk-downloadable"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Infraestructura intergubernamental de datos de biodiversidad, de alcance global."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Intergovernmental infrastructure for biodiversity data, with global reach."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "GBIF's IPT mints dataset and derived-dataset DOIs through a DataCite account."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Direct member of DataCite."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "google",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Google",
      "governance": "commercial",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://about.google/",
      "tags": [
        "region:north-america"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Empresa tecnológica estadounidense que, según el grupo comunitario del W3C, dirige directamente el proyecto schema.org."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "US technology company that, according to the W3C community group, directly runs the schema.org project."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "schema-org",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "As of 2026 run directly by Google; the W3C Community Group is only a discussion forum."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "wikidata",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "One of three donors (with the Allen Institute for AI and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation) that funded Wikidata's creation."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "handle-system",
      "type": "identifier",
      "name": "Handle System",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.dona.net/handle-system",
      "tags": [
        "function:identification",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "El Handle System es un protocolo que asigna identificadores persistentes y los resuelve a la ubicación actual de cada objeto; sobre él funciona el DOI."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The Handle System is a protocol that assigns persistent identifiers and resolves them to each object's current location; the DOI runs on top of it."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "dona-foundation",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "DONA administers the Global Handle Registry via credentialed Multi-Primary Administrators."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "persistent-identifier",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Resolution system underlying DOI and other persistent identifiers."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "crossref",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Registers DOI-to-URL mappings into the Global Handle Registry, making doi.org resolution work regardless of registration agency."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Operates its own Handle server infrastructure; a DOI in Registered/Findable state is registered in the global handle server."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "dataverse",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "PID provider configuration supports Handle (`hdl`) alongside DataCite/EZID/PermaLink."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "doi",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "DOI names are Handles; resolution runs on the Handle System."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "dspace",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Assigns Handles natively; ships with the dummy prefix 123456789, requiring a real CNRI-allotted prefix for external resolution."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "harvard",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Harvard University",
      "governance": "academic",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.harvard.edu/",
      "tags": [
        "region:north-america",
        "openness:open-source"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Harvard es una universidad estadounidense que desarrolla Dataverse, software de código abierto para repositorios de datos, en su Institute for Quantitative Social Science."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Harvard is a US university that develops Dataverse, open-source software for data repositories, at its Institute for Quantitative Social Science."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "dataverse",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Developed at Harvard's Institute for Quantitative Social Science."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "holtzbrinck",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Holtzbrinck Publishing Group",
      "governance": "commercial",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.holtzbrinck.com",
      "tags": [
        "theme:vertical-integration",
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Grupo editorial alemán, propietario total de Digital Science y con una mayoría (50,6%) de Springer Nature."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "German publishing group that wholly owns Digital Science and holds a majority (50.6%) of Springer Nature."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "digital-science",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Wholly owned; Holtzbrinck also holds a 50.6% majority of Springer Nature."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "igsn",
      "type": "identifier",
      "name": "IGSN",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://igsn.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:identification",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "IGSN es un identificador persistente para muestras físicas, geológicas o biológicas, que permite citarlas; hoy se emite a través de DataCite."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "IGSN is a persistent identifier for physical samples, geological or biological, that makes them citable; it is now issued through DataCite."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "persistent-identifier",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "issues",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "IGSNs for physical samples are issued as a DataCite record type."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "indigenous-data-sovereignty",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Indigenous data sovereignty",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous_data_sovereignty",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Soberanía de datos indígenas",
          "summary": "La soberanía de datos indígenas es el derecho de los pueblos indígenas a decidir cómo se recopilan, usan y comparten los datos que les conciernen."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Indigenous data sovereignty is the right of Indigenous peoples to decide how data about them are collected, stored, used and shared."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "care",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Principles for putting Indigenous data sovereignty into practice."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "care",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Principles for putting Indigenous data sovereignty into practice."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "inria",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Inria",
      "governance": "public-agency",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.inria.fr/en",
      "tags": [
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Inria es el instituto nacional francés de investigación en ciencias y tecnologías digitales; lanzó el archivo Software Heritage en 2016."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Inria is the French national research institute for digital science and technology; it launched the Software Heritage archive in 2016."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "software-heritage",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Launched by Inria in 2016; the project home page lists Inria as its initiator."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "institutional-repository",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Institutional repository",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutional_repository",
      "tags": [
        "function:deposit",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Repositorio institucional",
          "summary": "Un repositorio institucional es un repositorio que una universidad o centro de investigación mantiene para reunir, conservar y difundir la producción de su comunidad."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "An institutional repository is a repository that a university or research centre runs to collect, preserve and share the output of its own community."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "research-repository",
          "derived": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "interfolio",
      "type": "cris",
      "name": "Interfolio",
      "governance": "commercial",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.interfolio.com/",
      "tags": [
        "theme:vertical-integration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Sistema de información de facultad, evaluación y promoción académica, propiedad de Elsevier desde 2022."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Faculty information, evaluation and academic promotion system, owned by Elsevier since 2022."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "elsevier",
          "derived": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "international-doi-foundation",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "International DOI Foundation",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.doi.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:registration",
        "region:north-america"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Organización sin fines de lucro que gobierna el sistema DOI y es la autoridad de registro de la norma ISO 26324."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Nonprofit that governs the DOI system and is the registration authority for the ISO 26324 standard."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "crossref",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Registration Agency member of the DOI Foundation."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Registration Agency member of the DOI Foundation."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "doi",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "IDF sets DOI policy; ISO 26324 Registration Authority. Also a Multi-Primary Administrator of the Global Handle Registry, alongside CNRI."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "jalc",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Registration Agency member of the DOI Foundation."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "medra",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Registration Agency member of the DOI Foundation."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "invenio-rdm",
      "type": "repository",
      "name": "InvenioRDM",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://inveniosoftware.org/products/rdm/",
      "tags": [
        "function:deposit",
        "function:preservation",
        "openness:open-source"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Software de repositorio de código abierto desarrollado en colaboración, con el CERN y Northwestern University como socios principales."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Open source repository software developed collaboratively, with CERN and Northwestern University as its core partners."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "complies-with",
          "target": "ro-crate",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "cern",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "One of the two main partners (with Northwestern University); Zenodo, hosted by CERN, is built on InvenioRDM."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "datacite-metadata-schema",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "oai-pmh",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "repository-software",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "zenodo",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Zenodo runs on InvenioRDM, the open-source repository software whose main partners include CERN."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ioi",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Invest in Open Infrastructure",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://investinopen.org/",
      "tags": [
        "openness:open-governance"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "ONG que canaliza inversión de financiadores hacia infraestructura de investigación abierta, en vez de operar infraestructura propia."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "NGO that channels funder investment into open research infrastructure, rather than operating infrastructure of its own."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "digital-science",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Contributor to the IOI Fund for Network Adoption, alongside Wellcome."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "is4oa",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "IS4OA",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://is4oa.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Organización británica sin fines de lucro que gestionó DOAJ antes de su traspaso a la DOAJ Foundation, prevista para mediados de 2026."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "UK non-profit that ran DOAJ before its handover to the DOAJ Foundation, due to complete in mid-2026."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "doaj",
          "derived": true,
          "until": "2026",
          "note": "Previous managing organisation; per doaj.org/about it operates until mid-2026 (transition end); closure unconfirmed at 2026-11-12."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "isbn",
      "type": "identifier",
      "name": "ISBN",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.isbn-international.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:identification",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "El ISBN es el número internacional estándar que identifica un libro; lo asignan agencias nacionales coordinadas por la Agencia Internacional del ISBN."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The ISBN is the international standard number that identifies a book; national agencies assign it, coordinated by the International ISBN Agency."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "persistent-identifier",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Identifies books for good, but does not resolve to a location by itself."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "isni",
      "type": "identifier",
      "name": "ISNI",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://isni.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:identification",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Identificador ISO para personas y organizaciones vinculadas al trabajo creativo, usado por bibliotecas, editoriales, bases de datos y gestores de derechos."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "ISO identifier for people and organisations involved in creative work, used by libraries, publishers, databases and rights management bodies."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "persistent-identifier",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "orcid",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "ORCID iDs are drawn from a reserved block within the ISNI numeric range, per a 2014 ORCID-ISNI memorandum of understanding."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "issn",
      "type": "identifier",
      "name": "ISSN",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.issn.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:identification",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "El ISSN es un número internacional estándar que identifica revistas y otras publicaciones periódicas; lo coordina el Centro Internacional del ISSN."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The ISSN is an international standard number that identifies journals and other serial publications; the ISSN International Centre coordinates it."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "persistent-identifier",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Identifies serial titles for good; a title number, not a resolvable link."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "jalc",
      "type": "agency",
      "name": "JaLC",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://japanlinkcenter.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:registration",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "JaLC es la organización japonesa autorizada para asignar DOI a publicaciones y datos de investigación."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "JaLC is the Japanese organisation authorised to assign DOIs to publications and research data."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "issues",
          "target": "doi",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Japan's national DOI registration agency, covering publications and research data."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Member of DataCite that leads a consortium."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "international-doi-foundation",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Registration Agency member of the DOI Foundation."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "jats",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "JATS",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.niso.org/standards-committees/jats",
      "tags": [
        "function:registration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Suite de etiquetado XML para artículos de revista, usada por SciELO y Redalyc."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "XML tagging suite for journal articles, used by SciELO and Redalyc."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "niso",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "metadata-standard",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "XML format for articles that includes their bibliographic description."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "redalyc",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "scielo",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "jisc",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Jisc",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.jisc.ac.uk/",
      "tags": [
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Jisc es una organización benéfica británica que opera Open Policy Finder, un servicio sobre políticas de acceso abierto de editoriales y financiadores."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Jisc is a UK charity that runs Open Policy Finder, a service on the open access policies of publishers and funders."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "coar",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed on COAR's members page."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "coara",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "open-policy-finder",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "opendoar",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "sherpa-romeo",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "json-ld",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "JSON-LD",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld11/",
      "tags": [
        "function:registration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Serialización de datos enlazados del W3C que sustenta el marcado de schema.org y RO-Crate."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "W3C linked data serialisation that underpins schema.org markup and RO-Crate."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "w3c",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "w3c",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Published as a W3C Recommendation by the JSON-LD Working Group."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "codemeta",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Expressed as JSON-LD."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "ro-crate",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "RO-Crate packages an object with its context and provenance as JSON-LD."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "schema-org",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "schema.org markup is commonly serialised as JSON-LD."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "la-referencia",
      "type": "aggregator",
      "name": "LA Referencia",
      "governance": "intergovernmental",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.lareferencia.info/",
      "tags": [
        "function:aggregation",
        "region:latam",
        "openness:open-governance"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Red federada de once países latinoamericanos más España, que agrega artículos y tesis (no datos de investigación)."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Federated network of eleven Latin American countries plus Spain, which aggregates articles and theses (not research data)."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "scoss",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "SCOSS-funded infrastructure since its first funding cycle."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "openaire-guidelines",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "On the OpenAIRE Guidelines for repository managers since 2016."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "indexes",
          "target": "scielo",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "LA Referencia indexes SciELO's national collections."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "openaire",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Harvests from national nodes on the OpenAIRE guidelines since 2016."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "coar",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed on COAR's members page as a network with its own associated members."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "redclara",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Runs on technical/organisational agreements with RedCLARA's regional network (not confirmed by a first-party source)."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-repository",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "A federated network that aggregates records from institutional repositories."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "anid",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Chile participates in LA Referencia through ANID [M§6]."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "part-of",
          "target": "espacio-ciencia",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Chile's national node feeding into the LA Referencia federated network."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "latindex",
      "type": "index",
      "name": "Latindex",
      "governance": "academic",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.latindex.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:indexing",
        "region:latam"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Latindex es una red cooperativa de centros nacionales que, desde 1997, evalúa y da visibilidad a las revistas científicas de Iberoamérica."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Latindex is a cooperative network of national centres that, since 1997, has assessed and given visibility to scientific journals in Ibero-America."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "redalyc",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Joint Latindex-Redalyc-CLACSO-IBICT declaration on CC BY-NC-SA licensing for the region's open-access journals."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "unam",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Convened and hosted since the 1997 founding meeting; runs on a UNAM domain."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "linux-foundation",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Linux Foundation",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.linuxfoundation.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global",
        "openness:open-source"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "La Linux Foundation es una organización sin fines de lucro 501(c)(6) de EE. UU. que aloja proyectos de tecnología abierta, entre ellos SPDX."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The Linux Foundation is a US 501(c)(6) nonprofit that hosts open technology projects, among them SPDX."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-source-software",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Neutral host for open technology projects."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "spdx",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "An open source project hosted by the Linux Foundation."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "lyrasis",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "LYRASIS",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.lyrasis.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:north-america",
        "openness:open-governance"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Organización sin fines de lucro que administra DSpace, software de código abierto para repositorios."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Non-profit organisation that runs DSpace, open source repository software."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Member of DataCite that leads a consortium."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "ark",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The community-governed ARK Alliance is supported in part by LYRASIS."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "dspace",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Organisational home hosting DSpace Governance (Steering + Leadership Groups); installs are self-hosted, so there's no single operator."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "marum",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences",
      "governance": "academic",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.marum.de",
      "tags": [
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "MARUM es un centro de ciencias ambientales marinas de la Universidad de Bremen que opera PANGAEA junto con el Alfred Wegener Institute."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "MARUM is a marine environmental sciences centre at the University of Bremen that operates PANGAEA together with the Alfred Wegener Institute."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "pangaea",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Operated jointly by AWI and MARUM."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "medra",
      "type": "agency",
      "name": "mEDRA",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.medra.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:registration",
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Agencia regional europea de registro de DOI, orientada principalmente a publicaciones."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "European regional DOI registration agency, mainly focused on publications."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "issues",
          "target": "doi",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Regional European DOI registration agency, mainly for publications."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "international-doi-foundation",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Registration Agency member of the DOI Foundation."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "metadata",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Metadata",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metadata",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Metadatos",
          "summary": "Los metadatos son datos que describen otros datos (quién, qué, cuándo, cómo) para que personas y programas puedan encontrarlos, entenderlos y reutilizarlos."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Metadata is data that describes other data (who, what, when, how) so that people and software can find, understand and reuse it."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "doi",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Each DOI is registered with metadata about the object; the metadata can be updated without changing the DOI."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "fair",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Findability and interoperability rely on rich metadata."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "metadata-standard",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Standards agree how metadata is structured and named."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-data-management",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Managing data well includes describing it with the metadata others need to find and reuse it."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-repository",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Repositories describe each deposit with metadata that search services harvest."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "oai-pmh",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The protocol exists to harvest metadata: a repository exposes its records and other services collect them."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "orcid",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "An ORCID record is structured metadata about a researcher: identity details, affiliations, works and funding."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "ror",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Each ROR record is a structured metadata record about an organisation, and ROR IDs identify affiliations in the metadata of other records."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "doi",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Each DOI is registered with metadata about the object; the metadata can be updated without changing the DOI."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "fair",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Findability and interoperability rely on rich metadata."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "oai-pmh",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The protocol exists to harvest metadata: a repository exposes its records and other services collect them."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "orcid",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "An ORCID record is structured metadata about a researcher: identity details, affiliations, works and funding."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "ror",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Each ROR record is a structured metadata record about an organisation, and ROR IDs identify affiliations in the metadata of other records."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "metadata-standard",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Metadata standard",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metadata_standard",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Estándar de metadatos",
          "summary": "Un estándar de metadatos es un acuerdo sobre qué campos usar y cómo nombrarlos para que los sistemas describan y compartan información igual."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "A metadata standard is an agreement on which fields to use and how to name them so systems describe and share information alike."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "jats",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "XML format for articles that includes their bibliographic description."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "metadata",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Standards agree how metadata is structured and named."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "schema-org",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Shared vocabulary for marking up structured data on web pages."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "cerif",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "citation-file-format",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "A file format for citation details of software."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "codemeta",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "A shared vocabulary for describing software."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "datacite-metadata-schema",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "dcat",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "dublin-core",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "jats",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "XML format for articles that includes their bibliographic description."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "metadata",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Standards agree how metadata is structured and named."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "openaire-guidelines",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Application profile of a metadata standard."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "schema-org",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Shared vocabulary for marking up structured data on web pages."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "spdx",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Shared formats for data about software origin and licensing."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "niso",
      "type": "community",
      "name": "NISO",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.niso.org/",
      "tags": [
        "function:registration",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Organización estadounidense de normalización en información, acreditada ante ANSI; mantiene JATS."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "US information standards organisation, accredited by ANSI; maintains JATS."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "jats",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "oai-pmh",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "OAI-PMH",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.openarchives.org/pmh/",
      "tags": [
        "function:aggregation"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Protocolo de baja barrera para la interoperabilidad entre repositorios, basado en la cosecha de sus metadatos."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Low-barrier protocol for interoperability between repositories, based on harvesting their metadata."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "metadata",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "The protocol exists to harvest metadata: a repository exposes its records and other services collect them."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "mandates",
          "target": "anid-open-access-policy",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Repositories used for ANID-funded data must interoperate with the ANID repository via OAI-PMH."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "arxiv",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "arXiv exposes its metadata through OAI-PMH; its early-implementer role is unverified here."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "base-search",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "core",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "dataverse",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "digital-commons",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "dspace",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "invenio-rdm",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "openaire",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Harvests member repositories via OAI-PMH."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "pangaea",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "zenodo",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "open-access",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Open access",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access",
      "tags": [
        "openness:open-content",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Acceso abierto",
          "summary": "El acceso abierto es una forma de publicar que permite a cualquier persona leer y reutilizar la investigación en internet sin pagar ni pedir permiso."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Open access is a way of publishing that lets anyone read and reuse research online without paying or asking permission."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "anid-open-access-policy",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The policy's subject: open access to publicly funded scientific information and research data."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "article-processing-charge",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "A fee-based way to fund open access publishing."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "doaj",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Directory of open access journals meeting its criteria."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "part-of",
          "target": "open-science",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Open science includes open access to scientific publications."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-access-mandate",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "A mandate is a policy that requires research to be made open access."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-license",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "The Budapest Open Access Initiative recommends CC BY or an equivalent licence as the optimal licence for open access."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "preprint",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Preprints are usually free to read, but many carry no reuse licence, so they are not always open access in full."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-repository",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Depositing a copy in an open repository is the 'green' route to open access."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "plan-s",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Requires funded publications to be open access immediately, in open journals or in repositories without embargo."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "anid-open-access-policy",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The policy's subject: open access to publicly funded scientific information and research data."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "article-processing-charge",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "A fee-based way to fund open access publishing."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "diamond-open-access",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "doaj",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Directory of open access journals meeting its criteria."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "plan-s",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Requires funded publications to be open access immediately, in open journals or in repositories without embargo."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "open-access-mandate",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Open-access mandate",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-access_mandate",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Mandato de acceso abierto",
          "summary": "Un mandato de acceso abierto es una política que exige a investigadores depositar o publicar sus resultados en abierto, como condición de su financiamiento."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "An open-access mandate is a policy that requires researchers to deposit or publish their results openly, as a condition of their funding or employment."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-access",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "A mandate is a policy that requires research to be made open access."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "open-science-policy",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "anid-open-access-policy",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-access",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "A mandate is a policy that requires research to be made open access."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "plan-s",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "open-data",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Open data",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_data",
      "tags": [
        "openness:open-content",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Datos abiertos",
          "summary": "Los datos abiertos son datos publicados con una licencia libre que cualquiera puede usar, modificar y compartir para cualquier fin."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Open data is data published under an open licence that anyone can use, modify and share for any purpose."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "care",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Asks that opening data also respects collective benefit and control."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "ckan",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Built to publish, share and use data openly."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "data-management-plan",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "In a Chilean funder's policy the plan exists to guarantee public availability of data."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "datos-gob-cl",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Publishes public-sector data for reuse in apps and research."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "fair",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "FAIR data need not be open; openness is a separate decision."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "part-of",
          "target": "open-science",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Open science includes open research data."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-data-management",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "A data management plan sets out how and when research data will be made public."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-data-charter",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Principles for releasing government data openly."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-definition",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Defines what makes data open."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "care",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Asks that opening data also respects collective benefit and control."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "ckan",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Built to publish, share and use data openly."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "data-management-plan",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "In a Chilean funder's policy the plan exists to guarantee public availability of data."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "datos-gob-cl",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Publishes public-sector data for reuse in apps and research."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "fair",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "FAIR data need not be open; openness is a separate decision."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-data-charter",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Principles for releasing government data openly."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-definition",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Defines what makes data open."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "open-data-charter",
      "type": "coalition",
      "name": "Open Data Charter",
      "governance": "unknown",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://opendatacharter.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Carta Internacional de los Datos Abiertos",
          "summary": "La Carta de Datos Abiertos es una red que ayuda a los gobiernos a adoptar seis principios de datos abiertos, el primero, abierto por defecto."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The Open Data Charter is a network that helps governments adopt six international open data principles, the first being open by default."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-data",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Principles for releasing government data openly."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "open-data-portal",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Open data portal",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_data_portal",
      "tags": [
        "region:global",
        "openness:open-content"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Portal de datos abiertos",
          "summary": "Un portal de datos abiertos es una plataforma en línea donde se consultan colecciones de datos abiertos, a menudo las de quien lo opera."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "An open data portal is an online platform where users find and access collections of open data, often those of the organisation that runs it."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "ckan",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Powers hundreds of data portals worldwide."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "ckan",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Powers hundreds of data portals worldwide."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "datos-gob-cl",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The State's national open data portal."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "open-definition",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "Open Definition",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://opendefinition.org/od/2.1/en/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global",
        "openness:open-content"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Definición de Abierto",
          "summary": "La Definición de Abierto, de la Open Knowledge Foundation, fija cuándo el conocimiento, el contenido o los datos son abiertos y qué licencias la cumplen."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The Open Definition, a project of the Open Knowledge Foundation, sets out when knowledge, content or data count as open and which licences conform."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "open-knowledge-foundation",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "The Open Definition is a project of the Open Knowledge Foundation."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-data",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Defines what makes data open."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-license",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Maintains the list of licences that conform to it."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "open-knowledge-foundation",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Open Knowledge Foundation",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://okfn.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global",
        "openness:open-governance"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "La Open Knowledge Foundation es una organización sin fines de lucro que mantiene Data Package y la Open Definition, sobre qué es el conocimiento abierto."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The Open Knowledge Foundation is a nonprofit that maintains Data Package and the Open Definition, which sets out what counts as open knowledge."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "ckan",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Holds CKAN's assets in trust; Datopian and Link Digital co-steward it."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "data-package",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "open-definition",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The Open Definition is a project of the Open Knowledge Foundation."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "open-license",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Open licence",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://opendefinition.org/licenses/",
      "tags": [
        "openness:open-content",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Licencia abierta",
          "summary": "Una licencia abierta es un permiso legal estándar que autoriza a cualquiera a usar, modificar y compartir una obra con condiciones mínimas, como citar."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "An open licence is a standard legal permission that lets anyone use, modify and share a work, with minimal conditions such as crediting the author."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "creative-commons",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Steward of the Creative Commons licence suite, the best-known family of open licences."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "creative-commons-licences",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Only CC0, CC BY and CC BY-SA are on the conformant-licence list, so a CC licence is not always open."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-access",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The Budapest Open Access Initiative recommends CC BY or an equivalent licence as the optimal licence for open access."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-definition",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Maintains the list of licences that conform to it."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-source-definition",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "OSI-approved licences are licences that comply with it."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-source-initiative",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Approves licences that comply with the Open Source Definition."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "spdx",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Its License List gives open and other licences standard identifiers."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "zenodo",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Asks depositors to choose a licence for open-access records."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "creative-commons",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Steward of the Creative Commons licence suite, the best-known family of open licences."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "creative-commons-licences",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Only CC0, CC BY and CC BY-SA are on the conformant-licence list, so a CC licence is not always open."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-access",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The Budapest Open Access Initiative recommends CC BY or an equivalent licence as the optimal licence for open access."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-definition",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Maintains the list of licences that conform to it."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-source-definition",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "OSI-approved licences are licences that comply with it."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-source-initiative",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Approves licences that comply with the Open Source Definition."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "spdx",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Its License List gives open and other licences standard identifiers."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "zenodo",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Asks depositors to choose a licence for open-access records."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "open-policy-finder",
      "type": "index",
      "name": "Open Policy Finder",
      "governance": "public-agency",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://openpolicyfinder.jisc.ac.uk",
      "tags": [
        "function:indexing"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Open Policy Finder es un servicio de Jisc para consultar las políticas de acceso abierto de editoriales y financiadores; reúne tres servicios Sherpa anteriores."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Open Policy Finder is a Jisc service for looking up the open access policies of publishers and funders; it merges three earlier Sherpa services."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "open-science-infrastructure",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "jisc",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "supersedes",
          "target": "sherpa-romeo",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Launched 4 Nov 2024 merging Sherpa Romeo, Juliet and Fact into one service."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "open-science",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Open science",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_science",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Ciencia abierta",
          "summary": "La ciencia abierta es un conjunto de prácticas que hace accesibles y reutilizables el conocimiento, los datos y los métodos científicos para investigadores y sociedad."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Open science is a set of practices that makes research knowledge, data and methods accessible and reusable for researchers and society."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "bibliodiversity",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Diverse, multilingual publishing is part of the open science agenda."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "cris",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Research information systems are listed among the infrastructures that support open science."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-science-policy",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "The UNESCO Recommendation asks states and institutions to adopt open science policies."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "persistent-identifier",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Services that identify research objects with persistent identifiers are a critical part of open science infrastructure."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "preprint",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Sharing preprints, clearly marked as not yet peer reviewed, is one way to open research early."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-repository",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Open repositories for publications, data and code are central open science infrastructure."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "unesco-recommendation-open-science",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The global framework that sets out what open science is and recommends how states should support it."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "bibliodiversity",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Diverse, multilingual publishing is part of the open science agenda."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "cris",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Research information systems are listed among the infrastructures that support open science."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "part-of",
          "target": "open-access",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Open science includes open access to scientific publications."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "part-of",
          "target": "open-data",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Open science includes open research data."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "part-of",
          "target": "open-science-infrastructure",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The UNESCO Recommendation names open science infrastructures as one of the pillars of open science."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "unesco-recommendation-open-science",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The global framework that sets out what open science is and recommends how states should support it."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "open-science-infrastructure",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Open science infrastructure",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108934881",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Infraestructura de ciencia abierta",
          "summary": "Servicios y plataformas compartidos, como repositorios, índices y sistemas de identificadores, que la investigación necesita para ser abierta."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Shared services and platforms, such as repositories, indexes and identifier systems, that research needs in order to be open."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "part-of",
          "target": "open-science",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "The UNESCO Recommendation names open science infrastructures as one of the pillars of open science."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "posi",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "POSI sets out principles for governing, sustaining and insuring the organisations that run this kind of infrastructure."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "crossref",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "doaj",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "open-policy-finder",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "opencitations",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "open-science-policy",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Open science policy",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112593595",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Política de ciencia abierta",
          "summary": "Una política de ciencia abierta es un marco formal que fija reglas y apoyos para compartir publicaciones y datos, adoptado por un Estado o institución."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "An open science policy is a formal framework setting rules and support for sharing publications and data, adopted by a state, funder or institution."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-science",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The UNESCO Recommendation asks states and institutions to adopt open science policies."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "open-access-mandate",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-science",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The UNESCO Recommendation asks states and institutions to adopt open science policies."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "unesco-recommendation-open-science",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "open-source-definition",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "Open Source Definition",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://opensource.org/osd",
      "tags": [
        "region:global",
        "openness:open-source"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Definición de código abierto (OSD)",
          "summary": "La Definición de código abierto son los diez criterios que una licencia de software debe cumplir para considerarse de código abierto; la publica la OSI."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The Open Source Definition lists ten criteria a software licence must meet to count as open source; the Open Source Initiative publishes it."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "open-source-initiative",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Published and maintained by the Open Source Initiative."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-license",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "OSI-approved licences are licences that comply with it."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-source-software",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "The usual definition of open-source software."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "open-source-initiative",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Open Source Initiative",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://opensource.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global",
        "openness:open-source"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "La Open Source Initiative, organización sin fines de lucro de EE. UU. fundada en 1998, mantiene la Definición de código abierto y aprueba licencias."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The Open Source Initiative is a US nonprofit, founded in 1998, that maintains the Open Source Definition and approves licences that comply with it."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-license",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Approves licences that comply with the Open Source Definition."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-source-software",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Maintains the definition and the approved-licence list for open source."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "open-source-definition",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Published and maintained by the Open Source Initiative."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "open-source-software",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Open-source software",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_software",
      "tags": [
        "region:global",
        "openness:open-source"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Software de código abierto",
          "summary": "El software de código abierto se publica con una licencia que permite a cualquiera usarlo, estudiarlo, modificarlo y distribuirlo para cualquier fin."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Open-source software is released under a licence that lets anyone use, study, modify and distribute it for any purpose."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "linux-foundation",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Neutral host for open technology projects."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-source-definition",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The usual definition of open-source software."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-source-initiative",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Maintains the definition and the approved-licence list for open source."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "spdx",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Its licence list covers free, open and collaborative software."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "linux-foundation",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Neutral host for open technology projects."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-source-definition",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The usual definition of open-source software."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-source-initiative",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Maintains the definition and the approved-licence list for open source."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "spdx",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Its licence list covers free, open and collaborative software."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "open-university",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "The Open University",
      "governance": "academic",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.open.ac.uk/",
      "tags": [
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "La Open University es una universidad británica que desarrolla CORE, un servicio que reúne literatura de acceso abierto."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The Open University is a British university that develops CORE, a service that gathers open access literature."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "core",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "openaire",
      "type": "aggregator",
      "name": "OpenAIRE",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.openaire.eu/",
      "tags": [
        "function:aggregation",
        "openness:open-governance"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "OpenAIRE es una infraestructura europea que reúne el contenido de muchos repositorios y lo vincula con sus financiadores, para facilitar su búsqueda."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "OpenAIRE is a European infrastructure that gathers content from many repositories and links it to its funders, to make it easier to find."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "eosc",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "OpenAIRE is a core service provider for the EOSC EU Node's discovery and resource-catalogue capabilities."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "la-referencia",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Harvests from national nodes on the OpenAIRE guidelines since 2016."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "european-commission",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "OpenAIRE-Advance project funded under Horizon 2020/Europe (~€10M)."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "oai-pmh",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Harvests member repositories via OAI-PMH."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "indexes",
          "target": "zenodo",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "OpenAIRE and Zenodo have been operated in partnership since Zenodo's 2013 launch; OpenAIRE aggregates and cross-links Zenodo's records."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "coara",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Published an Action Plan supporting the CoARA commitments."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "posi",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "POSI adopter, self-audit published 2022."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-repository",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Gathers content from institutional and other repositories and links it to funding data."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "endorsed-by",
          "target": "barcelona-declaration",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed as a supporter on the Declaration's site; OpenAIRE's own post calls it a signatory."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "eosc",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "OpenAIRE is a core service provider for the EOSC EU Node's discovery and resource-catalogue capabilities."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "la-referencia",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Harvests from national nodes on the OpenAIRE guidelines since 2016."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "openaire-guidelines",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Authored and maintained by OpenAIRE for its network's literature/data/CRIS repository managers."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "zenodo",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Co-operated in partnership with OpenAIRE, which aggregates and cross-links Zenodo's records."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "openaire-guidelines",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "OpenAIRE Guidelines",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://guidelines.openaire.eu/",
      "tags": [
        "function:aggregation"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Las guías de OpenAIRE son reglas para que repositorios, revistas y sistemas de información de investigación publiquen sus metadatos de forma que otros puedan leerlos."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The OpenAIRE guidelines are rules that let repositories, journals and research information systems publish their metadata in a form others can read."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "openaire",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Authored and maintained by OpenAIRE for its network's literature/data/CRIS repository managers."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "metadata-standard",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Application profile of a metadata standard."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "profile-of",
          "target": "dublin-core",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Application profiles for repositories, journals and CRIS exposing metadata, built on Dublin Core."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "la-referencia",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "On the OpenAIRE Guidelines for repository managers since 2016."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "openalex",
      "type": "index",
      "name": "OpenAlex",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://openalex.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:indexing",
        "openness:open-content",
        "openness:bulk-downloadable"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "OpenAlex es un catálogo abierto y gratuito de publicaciones científicas y sus enlaces de citas, que cualquiera puede descargar completo."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "OpenAlex is a free, open catalogue of scientific publications and their citation links, which anyone can download in full."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "indexes",
          "target": "arxiv",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "OpenAlex harvests and indexes arXiv preprints."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "indexes",
          "target": "zenodo",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "OpenAlex harvests and indexes works deposited in Zenodo."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "opencitations",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "OpenAlex ingests OpenCitations' open citation data as one of its sources."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "wikidata",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Cross-referenced via WikiCite; OpenAlex reconciles entities against Wikidata QIDs."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "ourresearch",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "citation-index",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Open catalogue of works that includes citation links."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "posi",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "POSI adopter since 2021."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "endorsed-by",
          "target": "barcelona-declaration",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed as a supporter (infrastructure provider), not as a signatory."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "opencitations",
      "type": "index",
      "name": "OpenCitations",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://opencitations.net",
      "tags": [
        "function:indexing",
        "openness:open-content",
        "openness:bulk-downloadable"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "OpenCitations es una infraestructura sin fines de lucro que publica datos de citas entre publicaciones, abiertos y descargables por cualquiera."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "OpenCitations is a nonprofit infrastructure that publishes data on citations between publications, open and downloadable by anyone."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "openalex",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "OpenAlex ingests OpenCitations' open citation data as one of its sources."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "doi",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Citation records are keyed on the DOIs of citing and cited works."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "scoss",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "SCOSS-funded infrastructure since its first funding cycle."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "university-of-bologna",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "University of Bologna is OpenCitations' Hosting Member, managing its admin/financial/tech infrastructure."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "citation-index",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "open-science-infrastructure",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "posi",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "POSI adopter since 2021."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "endorsed-by",
          "target": "barcelona-declaration",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed as a supporter (infrastructure provider), not as a signatory."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "openalex",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "OpenAlex ingests OpenCitations' open citation data as one of its sources."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "opendoar",
      "type": "index",
      "name": "OpenDOAR",
      "governance": "public-agency",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/opendoar/",
      "tags": [
        "function:indexing",
        "openness:open-content"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "OpenDOAR es un directorio mundial de repositorios de acceso abierto, para saber dónde depositar o buscar contenido."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "OpenDOAR is a global directory of open access repositories, to help people find where to deposit or look for content."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "coar",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "COAR and Jisc released a joint roadmap for OpenDOAR's transition to an international, community-governed repository directory."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "jisc",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-repository",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "A directory of repositories, used to find where to deposit or look for content."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "orcid",
      "type": "identifier",
      "name": "ORCID iD",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://orcid.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:identification",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Identificador persistente que resuelve el problema de que la misma persona investigadora aparezca escrita de formas distintas."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Persistent identifier that solves the problem of the same researcher appearing under different written forms of their name."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "isni",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "ORCID iDs are drawn from a reserved block within the ISNI numeric range, per a 2014 ORCID-ISNI memorandum of understanding."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "persistent-identifier",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "metadata",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "An ORCID record is structured metadata about a researcher: identity details, affiliations, works and funding."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "datacite-metadata-schema",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "ORCID is a documented supported nameIdentifierScheme value for the Creator/Contributor properties."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "web-of-science",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Web of Science Researcher Profiles two-way sync publications and peer reviews with a connected ORCID iD."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "osf",
      "type": "repository",
      "name": "OSF",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://osf.io/",
      "tags": [
        "function:deposit",
        "function:preservation",
        "openness:open-source"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "OSF es una plataforma para gestionar proyectos de investigación y compartir preprints y datos; la opera el Center for Open Science."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "OSF is a platform for managing research projects and sharing preprints and data; the Center for Open Science runs it."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "OSF mints DOIs for projects, components and registrations via DataCite."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "ror",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "OSF sends ROR IDs for contributor affiliations alongside ORCID iDs when minting DOI metadata."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "research-repository",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "center-for-open-science",
          "derived": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ourresearch",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "OurResearch",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://ourresearch.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:north-america",
        "openness:open-governance"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "OurResearch es una organización sin fines de lucro que construye OpenAlex, un catálogo abierto de publicaciones científicas."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "OurResearch is a nonprofit that builds OpenAlex, an open catalogue of scientific publications."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "openalex",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "pangaea",
      "type": "repository",
      "name": "PANGAEA",
      "governance": "academic",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.pangaea.de/",
      "tags": [
        "function:deposit",
        "function:preservation"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "PANGAEA es un repositorio que publica datos de ciencias de la tierra y ambientales, con certificación CoreTrustSeal."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "PANGAEA is a repository that publishes earth and environmental science data, with CoreTrustSeal certification."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "certified-by",
          "target": "coretrustseal",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "datacite-metadata-schema",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "oai-pmh",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "research-repository",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Direct member of DataCite."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "wds",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Regular member of the World Data System."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "alfred-wegener-institute",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Operated jointly by AWI and MARUM."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "marum",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Operated jointly by AWI and MARUM."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "peer-review",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Peer review",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_review",
      "tags": [
        "function:evaluation",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Revisión por pares",
          "summary": "La revisión por pares es un proceso en que especialistas independientes evalúan un trabajo científico antes de publicarlo, para ayudar a decidir si es sólido."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Peer review is a process in which independent specialists evaluate a scientific work before publication, to help editors decide whether it is sound."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "coar-notify",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Lets repositories and review services exchange review notifications."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "preprint",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "A preprint is a version of a paper that precedes formal peer review."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "coar-notify",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Lets repositories and review services exchange review notifications."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "persistent-identifier",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Persistent identifier",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_identifier",
      "tags": [
        "function:identification",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Identificador persistente",
          "summary": "Un identificador persistente es un código único y duradero que sigue apuntando al mismo recurso aunque cambie de dirección, para poder citarlo y encontrarlo."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "A persistent identifier is a unique, lasting code that keeps pointing to the same resource even if its address changes, so it can be cited."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "handle-system",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Resolution system underlying DOI and other persistent identifiers."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "isbn",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Identifies books for good, but does not resolve to a location by itself."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "issn",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Identifies serial titles for good; a title number, not a resolvable link."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-science",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Services that identify research objects with persistent identifiers are a critical part of open science infrastructure."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "software-heritage",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Its SWHIDs are persistent identifiers derived from the content of source code."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "ark",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "doi",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "handle-system",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Resolution system underlying DOI and other persistent identifiers."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "igsn",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "isbn",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Identifies books for good, but does not resolve to a location by itself."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "isni",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "issn",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Identifies serial titles for good; a title number, not a resolvable link."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-science",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Services that identify research objects with persistent identifiers are a critical part of open science infrastructure."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "orcid",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "raid",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "ror",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "software-heritage",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Its SWHIDs are persistent identifiers derived from the content of source code."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "plan-s",
      "type": "policy",
      "name": "Plan S",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.coalition-s.org/principles-and-implementation/",
      "tags": [
        "openness:open-content",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Plan S es un requisito de agencias financiadoras que exige publicar en acceso abierto, de inmediato y con licencia abierta, la investigación que financian."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Plan S is a requirement from funding agencies that the research they fund be published in open access, immediately and under an open licence."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "coalition-s",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Plan S is the requirement that cOAlition S funders commit to implement."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "open-access-mandate",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-access",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Requires funded publications to be open access immediately, in open journals or in repositories without embargo."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "posi",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "POSI",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://openscholarlyinfrastructure.org/",
      "tags": [
        "theme:vertical-integration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "POSI es un conjunto de 20 principios sobre la gobernanza, la sostenibilidad y el aseguramiento de las organizaciones que operan infraestructura académica. No es un estándar."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "POSI is a set of 20 principles for the governance, sustainability and insurance of the organisations that run scholarly infrastructure. It is not a standard."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "core",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "POSI adopter since 2022."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "crossref",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Adopted by Crossref board vote in 2020; publishes periodic POSI self-assessments."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "POSI adopter since 2021."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "doaj",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "POSI adopter since 2022."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-science-infrastructure",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "POSI sets out principles for governing, sustaining and insuring the organisations that run this kind of infrastructure."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "openaire",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "POSI adopter, self-audit published 2022."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "openalex",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "POSI adopter since 2021."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "opencitations",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "POSI adopter since 2021."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "wds",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "POSI adopter, self-audit published 2026."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "core",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "POSI adopter since 2022."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "crossref",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Adopted by Crossref board vote in 2020; publishes periodic POSI self-assessments."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "POSI adopter since 2021."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "doaj",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "POSI adopter since 2022."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-science-infrastructure",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "POSI sets out principles for governing, sustaining and insuring the organisations that run this kind of infrastructure."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "openaire",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "POSI adopter, self-audit published 2022."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "openalex",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "POSI adopter since 2021."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "opencitations",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "POSI adopter since 2021."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "wds",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "POSI adopter, self-audit published 2026."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "preprint",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Preprint",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preprint",
      "tags": [
        "function:publishing",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Preprint (prepublicación)",
          "summary": "Un preprint es un manuscrito que sus autores publican en un servidor abierto antes de la revisión por pares, para compartir resultados más rápido."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "A preprint is a manuscript that authors post on an open server before peer review, to share results with the community more quickly."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "arxiv",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Server that hosts preprints; it is a platform, not a preprint."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-access",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Preprints are usually free to read, but many carry no reuse licence, so they are not always open access in full."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-science",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Sharing preprints, clearly marked as not yet peer reviewed, is one way to open research early."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "peer-review",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "A preprint is a version of a paper that precedes formal peer review."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "arxiv",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Server that hosts preprints; it is a platform, not a preprint."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-access",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Preprints are usually free to read, but many carry no reuse licence, so they are not always open access in full."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-science",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Sharing preprints, clearly marked as not yet peer reviewed, is one way to open research early."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "peer-review",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "A preprint is a version of a paper that precedes formal peer review."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "pure",
      "type": "cris",
      "name": "Pure",
      "governance": "commercial",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.elsevier.com/products/pure",
      "tags": [
        "theme:vertical-integration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Pure es un sistema comercial de información de investigación (CRIS), propiedad de Elsevier, con el que universidades registran y gestionan su producción científica."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Pure is a commercial research information system (CRIS), owned by Elsevier, that universities use to record and manage their research output."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "cerif",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Pure implements the CERIF standard for CRIS interoperability."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "web-of-science",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Pure imports publication metadata directly from Web of Science."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "cris",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "elsevier",
          "derived": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "raid",
      "type": "identifier",
      "name": "RAiD",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.raid.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:identification",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Identifica un proyecto o actividad de investigación, no su resultado; norma ISO 23527:2022 operada por ARDC."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Identifies a research project or activity, not its output; ISO 23527:2022 standard operated by ARDC."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "ARDC and DataCite jointly deliver RAiD; RAiD registers through DataCite's Consortium infrastructure."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "ardc",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "ARDC is the ISO-appointed Registration Authority for RAiD globally."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "persistent-identifier",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "ardc",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "ARDC is RAiD's registration authority and lead developer, and offers the service in Australia, New Zealand and worldwide."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "rda",
      "type": "community",
      "name": "RDA",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.rd-alliance.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "RDA es una comunidad que reúne a personas en grupos de trabajo y de interés para producir recomendaciones sobre datos de investigación."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "RDA is a community that brings people together in working and interest groups to produce recommendations on research data."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "coara",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "care",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Its International Indigenous Data Sovereignty Interest Group produced the CARE Principles."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "trust-principles",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Published in Scientific Data (2020) as an RDA community effort."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "ardc",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed as an organisational member of RDA."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "coar",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed as an affiliate member of RDA."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "codata",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Documented Affiliate Member of RDA; the two bodies operate under an MoU with complementary roles."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "endorsed-by",
          "target": "coretrustseal",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Harmonisation of WDS and DSA certification was coordinated under the RDA umbrella."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed as an affiliate member of RDA."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "elsevier",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed as an organisational member of RDA."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "fair4rs",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Working group jointly convened by RDA, FORCE11 and ReSA."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "wds",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed as an affiliate member of RDA."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "re3data",
      "type": "index",
      "name": "re3data",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.re3data.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:indexing",
        "openness:open-content",
        "openness:bulk-downloadable"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "re3data es un registro de repositorios de datos de investigación, que ayuda a elegir dónde depositar datos."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "re3data is a registry of research data repositories that helps people choose where to deposit data."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "fairsharing",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Both curate registries of repositories/standards and cross-link entries."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Integrated as a DataCite service in 2022."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Continues to operate as a DataCite service since the 2022 integration."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-repository",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "A registry of research data repositories, used to choose where to deposit data."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "fairsharing",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Both curate registries of repositories/standards and cross-link entries."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "redalyc",
      "type": "publishing-platform",
      "name": "Redalyc",
      "governance": "academic",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.redalyc.org/",
      "tags": [
        "function:publishing",
        "region:latam",
        "openness:open-content"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Redalyc es una plataforma de una universidad mexicana que publica revistas latinoamericanas en acceso abierto, sin cobrar a los autores."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Redalyc is a platform run by a Mexican university that publishes Latin American journals in open access, without charging authors."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "latindex",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Joint Latindex-Redalyc-CLACSO-IBICT declaration on CC BY-NC-SA licensing for the region's open-access journals."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "scoss",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "SCOSS-funded infrastructure since its first funding cycle."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "jats",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "amelica",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "AmeliCA is built around Redalyc and UNESCO."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "uaem",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "diamond-open-access",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Operates journals on the diamond model."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "latindex",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Joint Latindex-Redalyc-CLACSO-IBICT declaration on CC BY-NC-SA licensing for the region's open-access journals."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "redclara",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "RedCLARA",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.redclara.net",
      "tags": [
        "region:latam"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "RedCLARA es una organización sin fines de lucro que opera la red avanzada que conecta a universidades y centros de investigación de América Latina."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "RedCLARA is a non-profit organisation that operates the advanced network connecting universities and research centres in Latin America."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "la-referencia",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Runs on technical/organisational agreements with RedCLARA's regional network (not confirmed by a first-party source)."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "relx",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "RELX",
      "governance": "commercial",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.relx.com/",
      "tags": [
        "theme:vertical-integration",
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "RELX es el grupo, cotizado en bolsa, del que Elsevier es una división."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "RELX is the publicly listed group of which Elsevier is a division."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "elsevier",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Elsevier is a division of RELX."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "repository-software",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Repository software",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115249952",
      "tags": [
        "function:deposit",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Software de repositorio",
          "summary": "El software de repositorio es un programa que permite a una institución montar y administrar su propio repositorio digital sin construirlo desde cero."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Repository software is a program that lets an institution set up and run its own digital repository without building it from scratch."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "digital-commons",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Hosted commercial service that provides the repository software."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-repository",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Repository software is the program that runs a repository; choosing a platform is an early step in setting one up."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "ckan",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "A platform that organisations install to run their own data portal."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "dataverse",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "digital-commons",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Hosted commercial service that provides the repository software."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "dspace",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "invenio-rdm",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "research-assessment",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Research assessment",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://sfdora.org/read/",
      "tags": [
        "function:evaluation",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Evaluación de la investigación",
          "summary": "La evaluación de la investigación es el proceso que juzga la calidad e impacto de proyectos, personas o instituciones para decidir financiamiento y ascensos."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Research assessment is the process of judging the quality and impact of projects, people or institutions to decide funding, hiring and promotion."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "coara",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Agreement to reform how research is assessed."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "dora",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Declaration on how research should be assessed."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "coara",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Agreement to reform how research is assessed."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "dora",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Declaration on how research should be assessed."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "research-data-management",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Research data management",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_data_management",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Gestión de datos de investigación",
          "summary": "La gestión de datos de investigación es el conjunto de prácticas para planificar, documentar, guardar y compartir datos de un proyecto y poder reutilizarlos."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Research data management is the set of practices to plan, document, store and share a project's data so that they can be reused."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "anid-open-access-policy",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Requires grantees to submit a data management plan whose purpose is to make the data publicly available."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "data-management-plan",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The central document of research data management."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "fair",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Principles for managing research data so it can be reused."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "metadata",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Managing data well includes describing it with the metadata others need to find and reuse it."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-data",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "A data management plan sets out how and when research data will be made public."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-repository",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Data management usually ends with depositing the data in an institutional or disciplinary repository."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "anid-open-access-policy",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Requires grantees to submit a data management plan whose purpose is to make the data publicly available."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "data-management-plan",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The central document of research data management."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "fair",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Principles for managing research data so it can be reused."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "metadata",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Managing data well includes describing it with the metadata others need to find and reuse it."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-data",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "A data management plan sets out how and when research data will be made public."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "research-repository",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Research repository",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-access_repository",
      "tags": [
        "function:deposit",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Repositorio de investigación",
          "summary": "Un repositorio de investigación es un servicio en línea que guarda, describe y da acceso a publicaciones o datos científicos para que otros los reutilicen."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "A research repository is an online service that stores, describes and gives access to publications or data so others can find and reuse them."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "anid-open-access-policy",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Funded articles go to the agency's repository; data to the agency's, an institutional or a disciplinary repository."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "coar",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "COAR brings repositories and repository networks together to build capacity and align policies."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "cris",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Institutions exchange records between their research information system and their repository."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "espacio-ciencia",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Harvests institutional repositories into one national discovery point."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "la-referencia",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "A federated network that aggregates records from institutional repositories."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "metadata",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Repositories describe each deposit with metadata that search services harvest."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-access",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Depositing a copy in an open repository is the 'green' route to open access."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-science",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Open repositories for publications, data and code are central open science infrastructure."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "openaire",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Gathers content from institutional and other repositories and links it to funding data."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "opendoar",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "A directory of repositories, used to find where to deposit or look for content."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "re3data",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "A registry of research data repositories, used to choose where to deposit data."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "repository-software",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Repository software is the program that runs a repository; choosing a platform is an early step in setting one up."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-data-management",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Data management usually ends with depositing the data in an institutional or disciplinary repository."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "anid-open-access-policy",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Funded articles go to the agency's repository; data to the agency's, an institutional or a disciplinary repository."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "coar",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "COAR brings repositories and repository networks together to build capacity and align policies."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "cris",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Institutions exchange records between their research information system and their repository."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "espacio-ciencia",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Harvests institutional repositories into one national discovery point."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "figshare",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "institutional-repository",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "la-referencia",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "A federated network that aggregates records from institutional repositories."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "metadata",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Repositories describe each deposit with metadata that search services harvest."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-access",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Depositing a copy in an open repository is the 'green' route to open access."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-science",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Open repositories for publications, data and code are central open science infrastructure."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "openaire",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Gathers content from institutional and other repositories and links it to funding data."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "opendoar",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "A directory of repositories, used to find where to deposit or look for content."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "osf",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "pangaea",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "re3data",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "A registry of research data repositories, used to choose where to deposit data."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "repository-software",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Repository software is the program that runs a repository; choosing a platform is an early step in setting one up."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-data-management",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Data management usually ends with depositing the data in an institutional or disciplinary repository."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "zenodo",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "research-software",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "Research software",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q95001953",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "name": "Software de investigación",
          "summary": "El software de investigación es el código fuente, los algoritmos, scripts, flujos de trabajo y ejecutables creados durante la investigación o con fines de investigación."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Research software is source code, algorithms, scripts, workflows and executables created during the research process or for a research purpose."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "citation-file-format",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Lets research software be cited correctly."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "codemeta",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Helps research software be findable, reusable and citable."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "fair4rs",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Defines how research software should be findable and reusable."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-software-alliance",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Its whole remit is recognising and supporting research software."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "software-heritage",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Its mission includes preserving software so that research can be reproduced."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "citation-file-format",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Lets research software be cited correctly."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "codemeta",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Helps research software be findable, reusable and citable."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "fair4rs",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Defines how research software should be findable and reusable."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-software-alliance",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Its whole remit is recognising and supporting research software."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "software-heritage",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Its mission includes preserving software so that research can be reproduced."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "research-software-alliance",
      "type": "community",
      "name": "Research Software Alliance (ReSA)",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.researchsoft.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "ReSA es un proyecto con patrocinio fiscal que busca que el software de investigación y quienes lo desarrollan reciban reconocimiento y valoración en la investigación."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "ReSA is a fiscally sponsored project working so that research software and the people who build it are recognised and valued in research."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-software",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Its whole remit is recognising and supporting research software."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "fair4rs",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Co-convener of the working group."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ro-crate",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "RO-Crate",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.researchobject.org/ro-crate/",
      "tags": [
        "function:registration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "RO-Crate es una especificación para empaquetar datos de investigación junto con su contexto y su origen, en un formato autocontenido y reutilizable."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "RO-Crate is a specification for packaging research data together with its context and origin, in a self-contained, reusable format."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "json-ld",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "RO-Crate packages an object with its context and provenance as JSON-LD."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "complies-with",
          "target": "invenio-rdm",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "complies-with",
          "target": "zenodo",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ror",
      "type": "identifier",
      "name": "ROR",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://ror.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:identification",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Registro comunitario y abierto de identificadores persistentes para organizaciones de investigación y financiación."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Community-led, open registry of persistent identifiers for research and funding organisations."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "scoss",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "SCOSS-funded infrastructure since its first funding cycle."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "persistent-identifier",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "california-digital-library",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Founding operating partner."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "crossref",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Founding operating partner; Crossref's accounting team handles ROR's day-to-day financial administration."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "datacite",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "One of three founding operating partners, alongside Crossref and CDL, via a shared Memorandum of Agreement."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "metadata",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Each ROR record is a structured metadata record about an organisation, and ROR IDs identify affiliations in the metadata of other records."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "datacite-metadata-schema",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "ROR is a documented supported affiliationIdentifierScheme value for creator and contributor affiliations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "osf",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "OSF sends ROR IDs for contributor affiliations alongside ORCID iDs when minting DOI metadata."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "schema-org",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "schema.org",
      "governance": "commercial",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://schema.org/",
      "tags": [
        "function:registration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Schema.org es un vocabulario compartido de etiquetas que permite a los buscadores web entender el contenido de una página."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Schema.org is a shared vocabulary of tags that lets web search engines understand the content of a page."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "json-ld",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "schema.org markup is commonly serialised as JSON-LD."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "google",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "As of 2026 run directly by Google; the W3C Community Group is only a discussion forum."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "metadata-standard",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Shared vocabulary for marking up structured data on web pages."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "codemeta",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Builds on schema.org terms."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "schmidt-sciences",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Schmidt Sciences",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.schmidtsciences.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:north-america"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Schmidt Sciences es una organización filantrópica que cofinancia la modernización tecnológica de arXiv desde que se independizó de Cornell."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Schmidt Sciences is a philanthropic organisation that co-funds the technology modernisation of arXiv since it became independent of Cornell."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "arxiv",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Contributed to a $10M gift (with the Simons Foundation) funding the post-spin-out cloud migration."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "scielo",
      "type": "publishing-platform",
      "name": "SciELO",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.scielo.org/",
      "tags": [
        "function:publishing",
        "region:latam",
        "openness:open-content"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Programa cooperativo de publicación electrónica que aloja, marca y publica dieciséis colecciones nacionales de revistas."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Cooperative electronic publishing programme that hosts, marks up and publishes sixteen national journal collections."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "bireme",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "BIREME provided the founding technical/indexing methodology alongside FAPESP."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "fapesp",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Created SciELO in 1997; since Aug 2024 co-funds it (47%) with CAPES (48%) and CNPq (5%) through a national consortium."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "jats",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "diamond-open-access",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Operates journals on the diamond model."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "indexes",
          "target": "la-referencia",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "LA Referencia indexes SciELO's national collections."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "scopus",
      "type": "index",
      "name": "Scopus",
      "governance": "commercial",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.scopus.com",
      "tags": [
        "function:indexing",
        "theme:vertical-integration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Base de datos de resúmenes y citas de Elsevier, cuyo contenido selecciona un comité asesor independiente (CSAB)."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Abstract and citation database owned by Elsevier, with content selected by an independent advisory board (CSAB)."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "citation-index",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "elsevier",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Operated directly by Elsevier, not a separate subsidiary brand."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "elsevier",
          "derived": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "scoss",
      "type": "coalition",
      "name": "SCOSS",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://scoss.org/",
      "tags": [
        "openness:open-governance",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "SCOSS es una coalición de bibliotecas, financiadores y consorcios que aportan fondos para sostener servicios de ciencia abierta ya existentes."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "SCOSS is a coalition of libraries, funders and consortia that pool funds to sustain existing open science services."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "arxiv",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "SCOSS-funded infrastructure among its several funding sources."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "dspace",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "SCOSS-funded infrastructure since its first funding cycle."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "la-referencia",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "SCOSS-funded infrastructure since its first funding cycle."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "opencitations",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "SCOSS-funded infrastructure since its first funding cycle."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "redalyc",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "SCOSS-funded infrastructure since its first funding cycle."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "ror",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "SCOSS-funded infrastructure since its first funding cycle."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "semantic-scholar",
      "type": "index",
      "name": "Semantic Scholar",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.semanticscholar.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:indexing",
        "openness:open-content"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Semantic Scholar es un buscador del Allen Institute for AI que analiza el texto de los artículos para relacionarlos, no solo por citas."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Semantic Scholar is a search engine from the Allen Institute for AI that analyses the text of articles to link them, not only through citations."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "citation-index",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "allen-institute-for-ai",
          "derived": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "sherpa-romeo",
      "type": "index",
      "name": "Sherpa Romeo",
      "governance": "public-agency",
      "status": "superseded",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241101000000*/v2.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/",
      "tags": [
        "function:indexing"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Sherpa Romeo fue un servicio que indicaba qué podían depositar los autores según la política de cada editorial; hoy forma parte de Open Policy Finder."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Sherpa Romeo was a service that showed what authors could deposit under each publisher's policy; it is now part of Open Policy Finder."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "jisc",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "supersedes",
          "target": "open-policy-finder",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Launched 4 Nov 2024 merging Sherpa Romeo, Juliet and Fact into one service."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "simons-foundation",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Simons Foundation",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.simonsfoundation.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:north-america"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Fundación privada que cofinancia arXiv desde su independencia de Cornell en 2026."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Private foundation that has co-funded arXiv since its independence from Cornell in 2026."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "arxiv",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Long-standing funder; contributed to a $10M gift (with Schmidt Sciences) funding the post-spin-out cloud migration."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "software-heritage",
      "type": "repository",
      "name": "Software Heritage",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.softwareheritage.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global",
        "function:preservation"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Software Heritage es una infraestructura abierta sin fines de lucro que recopila, preserva y comparte el código fuente de software disponible públicamente."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Software Heritage is an open, non-profit infrastructure that collects, preserves and shares the source code of publicly available software."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "inria",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Launched by Inria in 2016; the project home page lists Inria as its initiator."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "persistent-identifier",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Its SWHIDs are persistent identifiers derived from the content of source code."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "research-software",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Its mission includes preserving software so that research can be reproduced."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "spdx",
      "type": "standard",
      "name": "SPDX",
      "governance": "community",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://spdx.dev/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global",
        "openness:open-source"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "SPDX es un estándar abierto, la norma ISO/IEC 5962:2021, para describir componentes de software y sus licencias, con una lista de identificadores de licencia."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "SPDX is an open standard, ISO/IEC 5962:2021, for describing software components and their licences, with a list of short licence identifiers."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "linux-foundation",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "An open source project hosted by the Linux Foundation."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "metadata-standard",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Shared formats for data about software origin and licensing."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-license",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Its License List gives open and other licences standard identifiers."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-source-software",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Its licence list covers free, open and collaborative software."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "symplectic-elements",
      "type": "cris",
      "name": "Symplectic Elements",
      "governance": "commercial",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.digital-science.com/product/symplectic-elements/",
      "tags": [
        "theme:vertical-integration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Symplectic Elements es un sistema comercial de información de investigación (CRIS) de Digital Science con el que instituciones registran su actividad de investigación."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Symplectic Elements is a commercial research information system (CRIS) from Digital Science that institutions use to record their research activity."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "dimensions",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Dimensions data has been integrated into Symplectic Elements since March 2021."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "cris",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "digital-science",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "dimensions",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Dimensions data has been integrated into Symplectic Elements since March 2021."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "the-lens",
      "type": "index",
      "name": "The Lens",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.lens.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:indexing"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "The Lens es un buscador que reúne literatura científica y patentes en un mismo lugar, útil para analizar innovación y transferencia tecnológica."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The Lens is a search tool that brings scientific literature and patents together in one place, useful for analysing innovation and technology transfer."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "crossref",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Lens scholarly records are built on Crossref metadata, supplemented with DataCite DOIs and ORCID iDs."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "cambia",
          "derived": false
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "trust-principles",
      "type": "concept",
      "name": "TRUST Principles",
      "governance": "not-applicable",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-0486-7",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "TRUST es un conjunto de principios orientadores, no una certificación: transparencia, responsabilidad, enfoque en el usuario, sostenibilidad y tecnología para repositorios confiables."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "TRUST is a set of guiding principles, not a certification: transparency, responsibility, user focus, sustainability and technology for trustworthy repositories."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "coretrustseal",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The TRUST paper cites CoreTrustSeal as an example of how repositories attain the TRUST properties."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "rda",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Published in Scientific Data (2020) as an RDA community effort."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "coretrustseal",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "The TRUST paper cites CoreTrustSeal as an example of how repositories attain the TRUST properties."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "rda",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Published in Scientific Data (2020) as an RDA community effort."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "uaem",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "UAEM",
      "governance": "academic",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.uaemex.mx/",
      "tags": [
        "region:latam"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "La UAEM es una universidad mexicana que sostiene Redalyc, una plataforma de revistas latinoamericanas, con su herramienta propia Marcalyc."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "UAEM is a Mexican university that runs Redalyc, a platform for Latin American journals, with its own tool, Marcalyc."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "redalyc",
          "derived": true
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "unam",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México",
      "governance": "academic",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.unam.mx/",
      "tags": [
        "region:latam"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Universidad pública mexicana; fundó y aloja Latindex desde 1997."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Mexican public university; founded and hosts Latindex since 1997."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "latindex",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Convened and hosted since the 1997 founding meeting; runs on a UNAM domain."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "unesco-recommendation-open-science",
      "type": "policy",
      "name": "UNESCO Recommendation on Open Science",
      "governance": "intergovernmental",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.unesco.org/en/open-science/about",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Instrumento global adoptado en 2021 por los estados miembro de UNESCO (193 países); de carácter asesor, no vinculante."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Global instrument adopted in 2021 by UNESCO member states (193 countries); advisory in nature and not binding."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "applies-to",
          "target": "anid",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Addressed to UNESCO Member States (Chile among them); ANID is the national research agency."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "open-science-policy",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "fair",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Advisory only; names FAIR (and CARE) as guiding principles for open research data and infrastructure, creating no binding duty."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-science",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "The global framework that sets out what open science is and recommends how states should support it."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "university-of-bologna",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "University of Bologna",
      "governance": "academic",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.unibo.it",
      "tags": [
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "La Universidad de Bolonia es una universidad italiana que aloja el Research Centre for Open Scholarly Metadata y administra OpenCitations."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The University of Bologna is an Italian university that hosts the Research Centre for Open Scholarly Metadata and administers OpenCitations."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "coara",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed among CoARA's member organisations."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "opencitations",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "University of Bologna is OpenCitations' Hosting Member, managing its admin/financial/tech infrastructure."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "university-of-oxford",
      "type": "organization",
      "name": "University of Oxford",
      "governance": "academic",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.ox.ac.uk",
      "tags": [
        "region:europe"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Universidad británica cuyo Oxford e-Research Centre opera FAIRsharing."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "British university whose Oxford e-Research Centre runs FAIRsharing."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "w3c",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed among W3C's current members."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "fairsharing",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Based in the Data Readiness Group at the Oxford e-Research Centre."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "w3c",
      "type": "community",
      "name": "W3C",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.w3.org/",
      "tags": [
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Consorcio de estándares web que desarrolla, entre otros, JSON-LD y DCAT."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Web standards consortium that develops, among others, JSON-LD and DCAT."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "cern",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed among W3C's current members."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "dcat",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "dcat",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Published as a W3C Recommendation by the Dataset Exchange Working Group."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "developed-by",
          "target": "json-ld",
          "derived": true
        },
        {
          "predicate": "governed-by",
          "target": "json-ld",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Published as a W3C Recommendation by the JSON-LD Working Group."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "university-of-oxford",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Listed among W3C's current members."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "wds",
      "type": "community",
      "name": "World Data System",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://worlddatasystem.org/about/",
      "tags": [
        "function:certification",
        "region:global"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "El World Data System es un programa del International Science Council que certifica y coordina repositorios confiables de datos científicos."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "The World Data System is a programme of the International Science Council that certifies and coordinates trustworthy scientific data repositories."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "rda",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Listed as an affiliate member of RDA."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "posi",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "POSI adopter, self-audit published 2026."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "endorsed-by",
          "target": "coretrustseal",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Formed in 2017 by harmonising WDS's Regular Member certification with the Data Seal of Approval."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "member-of",
          "target": "pangaea",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Regular member of the World Data System."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "web-of-science",
      "type": "index",
      "name": "Web of Science",
      "governance": "commercial",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.webofscience.com",
      "tags": [
        "function:indexing",
        "theme:vertical-integration"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Índice bibliográfico selectivo heredero del Science Citation Index de 1964; un equipo editorial decide qué revistas se incluyen."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Selective citation index descended from the 1964 Science Citation Index; an editorial team decides which journals are included."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "converis",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Converis syncs publication metadata with Web of Science via its integrations engine."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "esploro",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Esploro harvests and enriches asset metadata from Web of Science."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "pure",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Pure imports publication metadata directly from Web of Science."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "orcid",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Web of Science Researcher Profiles two-way sync publications and peer reviews with a connected ORCID iD."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "citation-index",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "clarivate",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Operated directly by Clarivate, not a separate subsidiary brand."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "owned-by",
          "target": "clarivate",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "converis",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Converis syncs publication metadata with Web of Science via its integrations engine."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "esploro",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Esploro harvests and enriches asset metadata from Web of Science."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "pure",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Pure imports publication metadata directly from Web of Science."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "wikidata",
      "type": "index",
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org",
      "tags": [
        "function:indexing",
        "openness:open-content",
        "openness:bulk-downloadable"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Base de conocimiento abierta y multilingüe; cobertura bibliográfica vía WikiCite, descargable completa, CC0."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Open, multilingual knowledge base; bibliographic coverage via WikiCite, fully downloadable, CC0."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "openalex",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Cross-referenced via WikiCite; OpenAlex reconciles entities against Wikidata QIDs."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "allen-institute-for-ai",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "One of three funders (with the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and Google) of Wikidata's 2012 creation via a €1.3M grant."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "funded-by",
          "target": "google",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "One of three donors (with the Allen Institute for AI and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation) that funded Wikidata's creation."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "interoperates-with",
          "target": "openalex",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "Cross-referenced via WikiCite; OpenAlex reconciles entities against Wikidata QIDs."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "zenodo",
      "type": "repository",
      "name": "Zenodo",
      "governance": "nonprofit",
      "status": "active",
      "url": "https://zenodo.org/",
      "tags": [
        "function:deposit",
        "function:preservation",
        "openness:open-content"
      ],
      "prose": {
        "es": {
          "summary": "Repositorio general gratuito operado por el CERN, con DOI incluido."
        },
        "en": {
          "summary": "Free general-purpose repository operated by CERN, with DOIs included."
        }
      },
      "relations": [
        {
          "predicate": "complies-with",
          "target": "ro-crate",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "depends-on",
          "target": "invenio-rdm",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Zenodo runs on InvenioRDM, the open-source repository software whose main partners include CERN."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "datacite-metadata-schema",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "implements",
          "target": "oai-pmh",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "is-a",
          "target": "research-repository",
          "derived": false
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "cern",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Operated by CERN since its 2013 launch."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "operated-by",
          "target": "openaire",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Co-operated in partnership with OpenAIRE, which aggregates and cross-links Zenodo's records."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "related-to",
          "target": "open-license",
          "derived": false,
          "note": "Asks depositors to choose a licence for open-access records."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "indexes",
          "target": "openaire",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "OpenAIRE and Zenodo have been operated in partnership since Zenodo's 2013 launch; OpenAIRE aggregates and cross-links Zenodo's records."
        },
        {
          "predicate": "indexes",
          "target": "openalex",
          "derived": true,
          "note": "OpenAlex harvests and indexes works deposited in Zenodo."
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}